North America Native Plant

Dotted Fern

Botanical name: Fadyenia hookeri

USDA symbol: FAHO

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: forb

Native status: Native to Puerto Rico  

Dotted Fern: A Rare Puerto Rican Treasure Worth Protecting If you’ve been searching for information about the dotted fern (Fadyenia hookeri), you’ve stumbled upon one of Puerto Rico’s most elusive botanical treasures. This perennial fern is so rare and specialized that most gardeners will never encounter it—and that’s actually part ...

Dotted Fern: A Rare Puerto Rican Treasure Worth Protecting

If you’ve been searching for information about the dotted fern (Fadyenia hookeri), you’ve stumbled upon one of Puerto Rico’s most elusive botanical treasures. This perennial fern is so rare and specialized that most gardeners will never encounter it—and that’s actually part of what makes it so fascinating.

What Is the Dotted Fern?

Fadyenia hookeri is a native fern species found exclusively in Puerto Rico. Unlike the common ferns you might find at your local garden center, this little-known species represents the incredible biodiversity that exists in specialized ecosystems. As its name suggests, it likely displays some form of dotted pattern, though detailed descriptions of its appearance are scarce in botanical literature.

Where Does It Grow?

The dotted fern calls Puerto Rico home and only Puerto Rico. This makes it what botanists call an endemic species—a plant that evolved in one specific location and exists nowhere else on Earth naturally.

A Wetland Specialist

Here’s where things get really interesting: Fadyenia hookeri is classified as an obligate wetland species in the Caribbean region. This means it almost always occurs in wetland environments and has adapted specifically to life in consistently moist or wet conditions. Think swampy areas, stream banks, or other perpetually damp locations where most plants would struggle.

Why You Won’t Find It at the Garden Center

Don’t expect to find dotted fern at your local nursery anytime soon. This species appears to be extremely rare, with very limited documentation in horticultural sources. Its specialized wetland requirements and endemic status suggest it’s not suited for typical garden cultivation. Additionally, harvesting rare native plants from the wild is both ecologically harmful and often illegal.

The Bigger Picture: Why Rare Ferns Matter

While you may not be able to grow Fadyenia hookeri in your backyard, its existence highlights the incredible diversity of plant life in Puerto Rico’s unique ecosystems. Endemic species like the dotted fern:

  • Contribute to biodiversity in specialized habitats
  • May have unique ecological relationships with other native species
  • Represent thousands of years of evolution in specific environments
  • Could potentially have unknown benefits for their ecosystems

Supporting Native Plant Conservation

Instead of seeking out rare species like the dotted fern, consider supporting native plant conservation in other ways:

  • Plant common native ferns and other indigenous plants in your garden
  • Support organizations working to protect Puerto Rico’s natural habitats
  • Choose responsibly sourced native plants for landscaping projects
  • Learn about and appreciate the rare species in your local area

The Bottom Line

The dotted fern serves as a reminder that not every plant is meant for our gardens—and that’s perfectly okay. Some species are more valuable as wild treasures, playing crucial roles in their natural ecosystems that we’re only beginning to understand. By respecting these rare plants and their habitats, we help ensure that future generations might have the chance to study and appreciate them in their natural homes.

If you’re interested in growing ferns native to your area, research common native species that are readily available from reputable nurseries. You’ll be supporting biodiversity while enjoying beautiful, well-adapted plants in your own landscape.

Wetland Status

The rule of seasoned gardeners and landscapers is to choose the "right plant for the right place" matching plants to their ideal growing conditions, so they'll thrive with less work and fewer inputs. But the simplicity of this catchphrase conceals how tricky plant selection is. While tags list watering requirements, there's more to the story.

Knowing a plant's wetland status can simplify the process by revealing the interaction between plants, water, and soil. Surprisingly, many popular landscape plants are wetland species! And what may be a wetland plant in one area, in another it might thrive in drier conditions. Also, it helps you make smarter gardening choices and grow healthy plants with less care and feeding, saving you time, frustration, and money while producing an attractive garden with greater ecological benefits.

Regions
Status
Moisture Conditions

Caribbean

OBL

Obligate Wetland - Plants with this status almost always occurs in wetlands

Dotted Fern

Classification

Group

Fern

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision
Division

Pteridophyta - Ferns

Subdivision
Class

Filicopsida

Subclass
Order

Polypodiales

Family

Dryopteridaceae Herter - Wood Fern family

Genus

Fadyenia Hook. - dotted fern

Species

Fadyenia hookeri (Sweet) Maxon - dotted fern

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA