North America Native Plant

Desert-thorn

Botanical name: Lycium californicum var. arizonicum

USDA symbol: LYCAA

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: shrub

Native status: Native to the lower 48 states  

Desert-Thorn: A Rare Native Gem for Southwestern Gardens If you’re looking to create an authentic desert landscape that supports local wildlife, desert-thorn (Lycium californicum var. arizonicum) might just be the thorny treasure you’ve been searching for. This native Arizona shrub brings both ecological value and desert charm to southwestern gardens, ...

Rare plant alert!

Region: Conservation status by state

Status: S4T2: Status is uncertain but is somewhere between the following rankings: Subspecies or variety is imperiled: Extremely rare due to factor(s) making it especially vulnerable to extinction. Typically 6 to 20 occurrences or few remaining individuals (1,000 to 3,000) ⚘ Apparently Secure: Uncommon but not rare, and usually widespread. Possibly cause for longterm concern. Typically more than 100 occurrences in the state or more than 10,000 individuals ⚘

Desert-Thorn: A Rare Native Gem for Southwestern Gardens

If you’re looking to create an authentic desert landscape that supports local wildlife, desert-thorn (Lycium californicum var. arizonicum) might just be the thorny treasure you’ve been searching for. This native Arizona shrub brings both ecological value and desert charm to southwestern gardens, though its rarity makes it a plant that deserves special consideration.

What Makes Desert-Thorn Special?

Desert-thorn is a perennial, multi-stemmed woody shrub that typically grows to heights of 13-16 feet, though it can sometimes reach taller heights depending on growing conditions. As a native plant species of the lower 48 states, this shrub has evolved specifically to thrive in Arizona’s challenging desert environment.

What sets this variety apart is its impressive adaptation to arid conditions. Like other members of the Lycium family, desert-thorn develops multiple stems from ground level, creating a naturally sculptural form that fits perfectly into xeriscaped gardens and desert landscapes.

Where Does Desert-Thorn Grow Naturally?

This particular variety of desert-thorn is native exclusively to Arizona, where it has adapted to the harsh conditions of the Sonoran Desert region. Its limited natural range makes it a truly authentic choice for Arizona gardeners looking to create landscapes that reflect their local ecosystem.

Important Conservation Considerations

Before you rush to add desert-thorn to your garden, there’s something important to know: this plant has a Global Conservation Status of S4T2, indicating it has some level of conservation concern. While this doesn’t mean you can’t grow it, it does mean you should be extra careful about sourcing.

Always purchase desert-thorn from reputable nurseries that propagate their plants responsibly. Never collect plants or seeds from wild populations, as this can harm already vulnerable native stands.

Why Grow Desert-Thorn in Your Garden?

Despite its thorny nature (hence the name!), desert-thorn offers several compelling reasons to include it in your landscape:

  • Authentic native plant that supports local ecosystems
  • Extremely drought-tolerant once established
  • Provides food and shelter for native wildlife
  • Adds unique texture and structure to desert gardens
  • Low maintenance requirements after establishment
  • Produces small flowers that attract pollinators

Growing Conditions and Care

As a true desert native, desert-thorn thrives in conditions that might challenge other plants. It’s likely hardy in USDA zones 9-11, making it suitable for the hottest, driest parts of the Southwest.

Ideal growing conditions include:

  • Full sun exposure
  • Well-draining, sandy or rocky soil
  • Minimal water once established
  • Hot, dry climate
  • Good air circulation

Garden Design and Landscape Role

Desert-thorn works beautifully as a specimen plant in xeriscaped gardens, desert landscapes, and native plant gardens. Its multi-stemmed growth habit and thorny texture make it an excellent choice for:

  • Wildlife habitat gardens
  • Desert-themed landscapes
  • Water-wise garden borders
  • Natural barriers or privacy screens
  • Native plant collections

Wildlife and Pollinator Benefits

Like many native shrubs, desert-thorn serves as more than just an ornamental plant. Its small flowers provide nectar sources for pollinators adapted to desert conditions, while its berries offer food for birds and small mammals. The thorny branches also provide protective nesting sites for desert birds.

The Bottom Line

Desert-thorn is a fascinating native plant that deserves a place in appropriate southwestern gardens. While its conservation status means you should be thoughtful about sourcing, growing this plant responsibly can contribute to preserving Arizona’s unique desert flora while creating a beautiful, low-maintenance landscape.

If you’re gardening outside of Arizona or in conditions that don’t match this plant’s specific needs, consider exploring other native Lycium species or desert shrubs that are better suited to your local area. Remember, the best native garden is one that truly reflects your local ecosystem!

Desert-thorn

Classification

Group

Dicot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons

Subclass

Asteridae

Order

Solanales

Family

Solanaceae Juss. - Potato family

Genus

Lycium L. - desert-thorn

Species

Lycium californicum Nutt. ex A. Gray - California desert-thorn

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA