North America Native Plant

Deepwoods Fern

Botanical name: Cnemidaria horrida

USDA symbol: CNHO

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: shrub

Native status: Native to Puerto Rico  

Synonyms: Cyathea horrida (L.) Sm. (CYHO10)  âš˜  Hemitelia horrida (L.) R. Br. ex Spreng. (HEHO4)   

The Deepwoods Fern: A Tropical Beauty from Puerto Rico If you’ve ever dreamed of creating a lush, tropical paradise in your garden, the deepwoods fern (Cnemidaria horrida) might just be the perfect addition to make that dream come true. This stunning native of Puerto Rico brings an authentic Caribbean vibe ...

The Deepwoods Fern: A Tropical Beauty from Puerto Rico

If you’ve ever dreamed of creating a lush, tropical paradise in your garden, the deepwoods fern (Cnemidaria horrida) might just be the perfect addition to make that dream come true. This stunning native of Puerto Rico brings an authentic Caribbean vibe that’s hard to beat.

What Exactly Is the Deepwoods Fern?

The deepwoods fern is a fascinating perennial fern that’s truly in a class of its own. Unlike your typical garden ferns, this beauty is actually a tree fern that can grow into quite the impressive specimen. You might also see it listed under its scientific synonyms Cyathea horrida or Hemitelia horrida in some gardening references, but they’re all referring to the same magnificent plant.

What makes this fern particularly special is its robust, woody structure combined with those classic fern fronds that create such a distinctive tropical look. It’s the kind of plant that instantly transports you to a misty Caribbean mountainside.

Where Does It Call Home?

This native beauty is exclusively found in Puerto Rico, where it thrives in the island’s unique climate and growing conditions. As a true Puerto Rican native, it’s perfectly adapted to the tropical environment of the Caribbean.

Is It Beneficial for Your Garden?

The deepwoods fern can be an absolutely stunning addition to the right garden setting. Here’s what makes it special:

  • Creates dramatic architectural interest with its tree-like structure
  • Provides excellent shade and creates cool microclimates
  • Adds authentic tropical ambiance to landscape designs
  • Works beautifully as a specimen plant or focal point
  • Perfect for creating that lost in the jungle feeling

However, there’s a catch – this tropical treasure is only suitable for gardeners in USDA hardiness zones 10-11. If you’re gardening anywhere that experiences freezing temperatures, this fern simply won’t survive outdoors year-round.

How to Identify the Deepwoods Fern

Spotting a deepwoods fern is relatively straightforward once you know what to look for:

  • Size: Can reach impressive heights, typically growing as a multi-stemmed woody plant
  • Structure: Unlike typical ground-hugging ferns, this one grows upward with a more tree-like form
  • Fronds: Large, deeply divided fern fronds that create that classic tropical fern appearance
  • Habitat preference: Thrives in shaded to partially shaded areas with good moisture

Growing Conditions and Care

The deepwoods fern has some specific needs that reflect its Caribbean origins:

  • Prefers shaded to partially shaded locations
  • Needs consistent moisture but not waterlogged conditions
  • Thrives in high humidity environments
  • Requires protection from strong winds
  • Benefits from organic-rich, well-draining soil

Its wetland status as facultative means it’s quite adaptable – it can handle both moist and somewhat drier conditions, making it more versatile than some of its fern cousins.

Is This Fern Right for You?

The deepwoods fern is perfect for gardeners who:

  • Live in tropical or subtropical climates (zones 10-11)
  • Want to create an authentic Caribbean garden aesthetic
  • Have shaded areas that need dramatic plant interest
  • Appreciate unique, architectural plants
  • Want to support native Caribbean plant diversity

If you’re lucky enough to garden in the right climate zone, the deepwoods fern offers something truly special – a chance to grow a genuine piece of Puerto Rican wilderness right in your own backyard. Just remember, this tropical treasure needs warm temperatures year-round and plenty of humidity to truly thrive.

For gardeners in cooler climates, consider native ferns from your own region that can provide similar aesthetic appeal while supporting local ecosystems. Your local native plant society can help you discover beautiful fern alternatives that are perfectly suited to your area’s climate and growing conditions.

Wetland Status

The rule of seasoned gardeners and landscapers is to choose the "right plant for the right place" matching plants to their ideal growing conditions, so they'll thrive with less work and fewer inputs. But the simplicity of this catchphrase conceals how tricky plant selection is. While tags list watering requirements, there's more to the story.

Knowing a plant's wetland status can simplify the process by revealing the interaction between plants, water, and soil. Surprisingly, many popular landscape plants are wetland species! And what may be a wetland plant in one area, in another it might thrive in drier conditions. Also, it helps you make smarter gardening choices and grow healthy plants with less care and feeding, saving you time, frustration, and money while producing an attractive garden with greater ecological benefits.

Regions
Status
Moisture Conditions

Caribbean

FAC

Facultative - Plants with this status can occur in wetlands and non-wetlands

Deepwoods Fern

Classification

Group

Fern

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision
Division

Pteridophyta - Ferns

Subdivision
Class

Filicopsida

Subclass
Order

Polypodiales

Family

Cyatheaceae Kaulf. - Tree Fern family

Genus

Cnemidaria C. Presl - cnemidaria

Species

Cnemidaria horrida (L.) C. Presl - deepwoods fern

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA