North America Native Plant

Cuthbert’s Holly

Botanical name: Ilex cuthbertii

USDA symbol: ILCU3

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: shrub

Native status: Native to the lower 48 states  

Cuthbert’s Holly: A Rare Gem Worth Protecting in Your Garden Meet Cuthbert’s holly (Ilex cuthbertii), one of nature’s most exclusive plants – so rare that you might never see one in the wild, yet so charming that it deserves a spot in every native plant enthusiast’s heart. This little-known holly ...

Rare plant alert!

Region: Conservation status by state

Status: S1?: Status is uncertain but is somewhere between the following rankings: Inexact rank: ⚘ Critically Imperiled: Extremely rare due to factor(s) making it especially vulnerable to extinction. Typically 5 or fewer occurrences or very few remaining individuals (<1,000) ⚘

Cuthbert’s Holly: A Rare Gem Worth Protecting in Your Garden

Meet Cuthbert’s holly (Ilex cuthbertii), one of nature’s most exclusive plants – so rare that you might never see one in the wild, yet so charming that it deserves a spot in every native plant enthusiast’s heart. This little-known holly species is like the botanical equivalent of finding a vintage treasure at a thrift shop, except this treasure comes with serious conservation responsibilities.

What Makes Cuthbert’s Holly Special?

Cuthbert’s holly is a native evergreen shrub that calls the southeastern United States home. As a perennial woody plant, it typically grows as a multi-stemmed shrub reaching up to 13-16 feet in height, though it often stays much smaller in cultivation. Like its holly cousins, it produces glossy green leaves and small, inconspicuous white flowers that give way to bright red berries on female plants – assuming you have both male and female plants for pollination.

Where Does It Come From?

This holly has perhaps the most exclusive address list in the plant world. Cuthbert’s holly is native to just two states: Georgia and South Carolina, where it clings to existence in very specific wetland habitats along the coastal plains.

A Plant in Crisis: Understanding Its Rarity

Here’s the important part: Cuthbert’s holly carries a Global Conservation Status of S1?, meaning it’s critically imperiled. With typically five or fewer known occurrences and very few remaining individuals (fewer than 1,000), this plant is teetering on the edge of extinction. This isn’t just rare – it’s blink and it might be gone forever rare.

If you’re considering adding this holly to your garden, you absolutely must source it responsibly. Never collect plants from the wild, and only purchase from reputable native plant nurseries that can guarantee their stock comes from ethically propagated sources.

Growing Cuthbert’s Holly: What You Need to Know

Despite its rarity, Cuthbert’s holly can be a rewarding garden plant if you can provide the right conditions. Here’s what this finicky beauty needs to thrive:

Ideal Growing Conditions

  • Moisture: Loves consistently moist to wet soils – it’s classified as a facultative wetland plant
  • Light: Thrives in partial shade to full sun
  • Soil: Prefers acidic, organic-rich soils with good drainage despite its love for moisture
  • Climate: Hardy in USDA zones 8-9, matching its southeastern native range

Garden Role and Design Ideas

Cuthbert’s holly isn’t your typical foundation planting – it’s more of a conversation starter and conservation statement. Consider it for:

  • Native plant gardens focused on rare species conservation
  • Wetland or rain gardens where its moisture needs can be met
  • Specialized collections of southeastern native plants
  • Educational gardens that highlight plant conservation

Care Tips for Success

Once established, Cuthbert’s holly is relatively low-maintenance, but getting it established is key:

  • Keep soil consistently moist, especially during the first growing season
  • Apply organic mulch to retain moisture and suppress weeds
  • Minimal pruning needed – just remove dead or damaged branches
  • Be patient – like most hollies, it’s not a speed demon when it comes to growth

Wildlife and Pollinator Benefits

While small and unassuming, Cuthbert’s holly pulls its weight in supporting local ecosystems. The tiny white flowers provide nectar for bees and other small pollinators during blooming season, and the bright red berries (on female plants) offer food for birds – assuming any manage to ripen before the birds discover them!

Should You Grow Cuthbert’s Holly?

Here’s the honest truth: Cuthbert’s holly isn’t for every gardener. It requires specific conditions, responsible sourcing, and a commitment to conservation. But if you’re passionate about native plants and have the right growing conditions, adding this critically endangered species to your garden becomes an act of conservation.

By growing Cuthbert’s holly responsibly, you’re not just adding a unique plant to your landscape – you’re helping preserve a piece of our natural heritage for future generations. Just remember: with great rarity comes great responsibility. Make sure any plant you acquire comes from legitimate, conservation-minded sources.

In a world where common plants dominate our gardens, there’s something deeply satisfying about nurturing one of nature’s rarest treasures. Cuthbert’s holly may be small and unassuming, but its story – and its survival – could literally be growing in your backyard.

Cuthbert’s Holly

Classification

Group

Dicot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons

Subclass

Rosidae

Order

Celastrales

Family

Aquifoliaceae Bercht. & J. Presl - Holly family

Genus

Ilex L. - holly

Species

Ilex cuthbertii Small - Cuthbert's holly

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA