North America Native Plant

Curtiss’ Yelloweyed Grass

Botanical name: Xyris difformis var. curtissii

USDA symbol: XYDIC

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: forb

Native status: Native to the lower 48 states âš˜ Native to Puerto Rico  

Synonyms: Xyris bayardii Fernald (XYBA2)  âš˜  Xyris curtissii Malme (XYCU2)  âš˜  Xyris neglecta Small (XYNE)  âš˜  Xyris papillosa Fassett (XYPA6)   

Curtiss’ Yelloweyed Grass: A Rare Native Gem for Wetland Gardens Meet Curtiss’ yelloweyed grass (Xyris difformis var. curtissii), a charming little perennial that’s like the hidden treasure of southeastern wetlands. This native beauty might not be the showiest plant in your garden, but it brings something special to the table ...

Rare plant alert!

Region: Arkansas

Status: S1: Status is uncertain but is somewhere between the following rankings: Critically Imperiled: Extremely rare due to factor(s) making it especially vulnerable to extinction. Typically 5 or fewer occurrences or very few remaining individuals (<1,000) ⚘

Curtiss’ Yelloweyed Grass: A Rare Native Gem for Wetland Gardens

Meet Curtiss’ yelloweyed grass (Xyris difformis var. curtissii), a charming little perennial that’s like the hidden treasure of southeastern wetlands. This native beauty might not be the showiest plant in your garden, but it brings something special to the table – authentic regional character and a story of botanical rarity that makes it truly worth celebrating.

What Makes This Plant Special?

Curtiss’ yelloweyed grass is a delightful forb – that’s botanist speak for a non-woody perennial herb – that produces cheerful little yellow flowers atop slender, grass-like stems. Don’t let the grass in its name fool you though; this isn’t actually a true grass but gets its common name from its narrow, blade-like leaves that create a graceful, grassy appearance.

This southeastern native has quite the collection of aliases too! Over the years, botanists have called it by several names including Xyris bayardii, Xyris curtissii, Xyris neglecta, and Xyris papillosa. But whatever you call it, this little charmer remains the same delightful wetland specialist.

Where Does It Call Home?

Curtiss’ yelloweyed grass is a true southern belle, naturally occurring across eleven states in the southeastern United States: Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Texas, and Virginia. It’s also found in Puerto Rico, giving it quite an impressive native range across the coastal plain regions.

A Word About Rarity

Important conservation note: This plant is considered critically imperiled (S1 status) in Arkansas, meaning it’s extremely rare in that state. If you’re interested in growing Curtiss’ yelloweyed grass, please only source it from reputable native plant nurseries that propagate their own stock rather than collecting from wild populations. This helps protect the remaining natural stands of this beautiful species.

Perfect for Specialized Gardens

Curtiss’ yelloweyed grass isn’t your typical garden center find, and that’s actually part of its charm. This plant is tailor-made for gardeners who want to create authentic wetland habitats or specialized bog gardens. It thrives in consistently wet, acidic conditions and loves full sun to partial shade – think of those sunny marsh edges where it naturally occurs.

If you’re planning a rain garden, wetland restoration project, or simply want to create a unique water feature in your landscape, this native gem could be just what you’re looking for. It works beautifully alongside other wetland natives and helps create habitat for specialized bog insects and other small pollinators that depend on these unique plant communities.

Growing Conditions and Care

Here’s where Curtiss’ yelloweyed grass gets a bit particular – it really, really likes wet feet! This plant thrives in USDA hardiness zones 7-10, making it suitable for most of the Southeast where it naturally occurs.

Key growing requirements:

  • Consistently moist to wet, acidic soils
  • Full sun to partial shade
  • Good for zones 7-10
  • May need winter protection in the northern parts of its range
  • Perfect for bog gardens, wetland edges, and rain gardens

Should You Grow It?

If you’re passionate about native plants and have the right growing conditions (or are willing to create them), Curtiss’ yelloweyed grass can be a wonderful addition to a specialized garden. It’s perfect for gardeners who want to support native biodiversity and create authentic regional landscapes.

However, this isn’t a plant for everyone. It requires very specific wet conditions and may be challenging to find from responsible sources due to its conservation status. But for the dedicated wetland gardener or native plant enthusiast, it offers the chance to grow something truly special – a piece of authentic southeastern botanical heritage.

Remember, if you do decide to add this rare beauty to your collection, always source it responsibly from nurseries that propagate their own plants. Your garden can become part of the conservation story, helping to preserve this lovely native for future generations to enjoy.

Curtiss’ Yelloweyed Grass

Classification

Group

Monocot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Liliopsida - Monocotyledons

Subclass

Commelinidae

Order

Commelinales

Family

Xyridaceae C. Agardh - Yellow-eyed Grass family

Genus

Xyris L. - yelloweyed grass

Species

Xyris difformis Chapm. - bog yelloweyed grass

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA