North America Native Plant

Curtiss’ Primrose-willow

Botanical name: Ludwigia curtissii

USDA symbol: LUCU4

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: forb

Native status: Native to the lower 48 states  

Synonyms: Ludwigia spathulifolia Small (LUSP7)   

Curtiss’ Primrose-Willow: A Rare Florida Wetland Gem Worth Protecting If you’re a native plant enthusiast looking for something truly special for your wetland garden, Curtiss’ primrose-willow (Ludwigia curtissii) might catch your attention. But before you start planning where to plant it, there’s something important you should know about this fascinating ...

Rare plant alert!

Region: Conservation status by state

Status: S3S4: Status is uncertain but is somewhere between the following rankings: Vulnerable: Either very rare and local throughout its range, found only in a restricted range (even if abundant at some locations), or factors are making it vulnerable to extinction. Typically 21 to 100 occurrences or between 3,000 and 10,000 individuals ⚘ Apparently Secure: Uncommon but not rare, and usually widespread. Possibly cause for longterm concern. Typically more than 100 occurrences in the state or more than 10,000 individuals ⚘ Uncertain taxonomy: ⚘ Critically Imperiled: Extremely rare due to factor(s) making it especially vulnerable to extinction. Typically 5 or fewer occurrences or very few remaining individuals (<1,000) ⚘ Vulnerable: Either very rare and local throughout its range, found only in a restricted range (even if abundant at some locations), or factors are making it vulnerable to extinction. Typically 21 to 100 occurrences or between 3,000 and 10,000 individuals ⚘

Region: Conservation status by state

Curtiss’ Primrose-Willow: A Rare Florida Wetland Gem Worth Protecting

If you’re a native plant enthusiast looking for something truly special for your wetland garden, Curtiss’ primrose-willow (Ludwigia curtissii) might catch your attention. But before you start planning where to plant it, there’s something important you should know about this fascinating Florida native.

What Makes This Plant Special?

Curtiss’ primrose-willow is a perennial forb that belongs to the evening primrose family. Unlike woody shrubs or trees, this herbaceous plant dies back to ground level each year, with buds that survive at or below the soil surface. You might also see it listed under its botanical synonym, Ludwigia spathulifolia Small, in older references.

What truly sets this plant apart is its rarity. With conservation status indicators suggesting it may be quite uncommon, Curtiss’ primrose-willow represents one of Florida’s specialized wetland treasures that deserves our protection and respect.

Where Does It Call Home?

This primrose-willow is endemic to Florida, meaning you won’t find it growing wild anywhere else in the world. Its entire natural range is contained within the Sunshine State, making it a true Florida original.

A Wetland Specialist

Here’s where things get interesting for gardeners: Curtiss’ primrose-willow is classified as an obligate wetland species in the Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain region. This means it almost always occurs in wetlands and requires consistently wet conditions to thrive. If you’re dreaming of adding this plant to a typical garden bed, you might want to think again!

Should You Grow Curtiss’ Primrose-Willow?

The answer depends on your specific situation and conservation ethics. Here are the key considerations:

  • Rarity concerns: Given its limited distribution and conservation status, this plant should only be grown using responsibly sourced material
  • Specialized needs: It requires wetland conditions that most home gardeners can’t easily provide
  • Native value: As a Florida native, it supports local ecosystems when grown in appropriate conditions
  • Conservation potential: Growing it could help preserve the species if done responsibly

Perfect for Specialized Gardens

If you have the right conditions, Curtiss’ primrose-willow could be perfect for:

  • Wetland restoration projects
  • Bog gardens with consistently saturated soil
  • Native plant preservation efforts
  • Specialized Florida native landscapes

Growing Conditions and Care

Success with this plant requires understanding its wetland origins:

  • Soil: Must remain consistently wet to saturated
  • Climate: Suited for warm, humid Florida conditions (likely USDA zones 9-11)
  • Light: Typical wetland conditions with adequate sunlight
  • Maintenance: Minimal once established in proper wetland conditions

The Bottom Line

Curtiss’ primrose-willow represents the fascinating world of specialized native plants that have evolved for very specific conditions. While it’s not suitable for most typical gardens, it offers tremendous value for wetland restoration, bog gardens, and conservation efforts.

If you’re interested in growing this rare beauty, please ensure you source plants or seeds from reputable native plant nurseries that practice ethical collection methods. Never collect from wild populations, as this could harm already limited natural stands.

For most gardeners looking to support Florida’s native plant communities, consider exploring other native Ludwigia species or wetland plants that are more readily available and easier to establish. Your local native plant society can help guide you toward conservation-friendly choices that will thrive in your specific conditions.

Curtiss’ Primrose-willow

Classification

Group

Dicot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons

Subclass

Rosidae

Order

Myrtales

Family

Onagraceae Juss. - Evening Primrose family

Genus

Ludwigia L. - primrose-willow

Species

Ludwigia curtissii Chapm. - Curtiss' primrose-willow

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA