North America Native Plant

Creeping Treefern

Botanical name: Cyathea armata

USDA symbol: CYAR13

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: tree

Native status: Native to Puerto Rico  

The Creeping Treefern: Puerto Rico’s Majestic Native Fern Meet the creeping treefern (Cyathea armata), a stunning native fern species that calls Puerto Rico home. While information about this particular tree fern can be surprisingly scarce, what we do know makes it an intriguing addition to the world of native tropical ...

The Creeping Treefern: Puerto Rico’s Majestic Native Fern

Meet the creeping treefern (Cyathea armata), a stunning native fern species that calls Puerto Rico home. While information about this particular tree fern can be surprisingly scarce, what we do know makes it an intriguing addition to the world of native tropical gardening.

What Makes the Creeping Treefern Special?

Cyathea armata is a perennial tree fern native exclusively to Puerto Rico. As its common name suggests, this species has a somewhat different growth pattern compared to other tree ferns, though like its relatives, it can develop into an impressive woody plant with a single trunk that may reach heights of 13 to 16 feet or more under ideal conditions.

The creeping treefern grows naturally in Puerto Rico, making it a true island endemic.

Garden Appeal and Landscape Role

Tree ferns like Cyathea armata bring a prehistoric charm to any landscape. With their large, feathery fronds unfurling from a central crown, they create dramatic focal points that transport you to an ancient forest. The creeping aspect of this species suggests it may have a more spreading or low-growing habit compared to other towering tree ferns, potentially making it suitable for smaller garden spaces.

Growing Conditions and Care

Based on its Puerto Rican origins and wetland status as facultative upland, the creeping treefern likely prefers:

  • High humidity environments
  • Partial shade to filtered sunlight
  • Well-draining but consistently moist soil
  • Protection from strong winds
  • Warm temperatures year-round (USDA zones 10-11)

Since it usually occurs in non-wetlands but may be found in wetland areas, this fern appears adaptable to various moisture conditions, though it likely performs best with regular watering.

Is This Fern Right for Your Garden?

The creeping treefern would be an excellent choice if you’re gardening in Puerto Rico or similar tropical climates and want to support native plant biodiversity. However, there are a few considerations:

The Good: As a Puerto Rico native, it supports local ecosystems and requires no special permits or concerns about invasiveness. Tree ferns add architectural interest and create a lush, tropical atmosphere.

The Challenge: Limited availability and specific information about this species means you may need to work with specialized native plant nurseries or botanical gardens. Its tropical requirements also limit where it can be grown outdoors.

Wildlife and Ecosystem Benefits

While ferns don’t produce flowers for pollinators, they contribute to ecosystem health in other ways. The fronds can provide shelter for small animals, and as they decompose, they add organic matter to the soil. Native ferns like Cyathea armata also help preserve the genetic diversity of Puerto Rico’s unique plant communities.

Finding and Growing Your Creeping Treefern

Due to the limited information available about this species, we recommend contacting Puerto Rican botanical institutions or native plant societies for guidance on sourcing and specific care requirements. When available, ensure any plants are responsibly sourced to protect wild populations.

If you’re outside the tropics but love the tree fern look, consider native fern alternatives suitable for your climate zone. Your local native plant society can recommend beautiful native ferns that will thrive in your specific conditions.

The creeping treefern represents the unique botanical heritage of Puerto Rico, and supporting native species like this one helps preserve the island’s remarkable plant diversity for future generations.

Wetland Status

The rule of seasoned gardeners and landscapers is to choose the "right plant for the right place" matching plants to their ideal growing conditions, so they'll thrive with less work and fewer inputs. But the simplicity of this catchphrase conceals how tricky plant selection is. While tags list watering requirements, there's more to the story.

Knowing a plant's wetland status can simplify the process by revealing the interaction between plants, water, and soil. Surprisingly, many popular landscape plants are wetland species! And what may be a wetland plant in one area, in another it might thrive in drier conditions. Also, it helps you make smarter gardening choices and grow healthy plants with less care and feeding, saving you time, frustration, and money while producing an attractive garden with greater ecological benefits.

Regions
Status
Moisture Conditions

Caribbean

FACU

Facultative Upland - Plants with this status usually occurs in non-wetlands but may occur in wetlands

Creeping Treefern

Classification

Group

Fern

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision
Division

Pteridophyta - Ferns

Subdivision
Class

Filicopsida

Subclass
Order

Polypodiales

Family

Cyatheaceae Kaulf. - Tree Fern family

Genus

Cyathea Sm. - treefern

Species

Cyathea armata (Sw.) Domin - creeping treefern

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA