North America Native Plant

Creeping Filmy Fern

Botanical name: Hymenophyllum microcarpum

USDA symbol: HYMI3

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: forb

Native status: Native to Puerto Rico  

Creeping Filmy Fern: A Delicate Treasure from Puerto Rico’s Rainforests Meet the creeping filmy fern (Hymenophyllum microcarpum), one of nature’s most delicate and ethereal creations. This enchanting fern species calls the lush rainforests of Puerto Rico home, where it quietly carpets the forest floor with its gossamer-thin fronds. If you’ve ...

Creeping Filmy Fern: A Delicate Treasure from Puerto Rico’s Rainforests

Meet the creeping filmy fern (Hymenophyllum microcarpum), one of nature’s most delicate and ethereal creations. This enchanting fern species calls the lush rainforests of Puerto Rico home, where it quietly carpets the forest floor with its gossamer-thin fronds. If you’ve ever wondered what fairy gardens might look like in real life, this little beauty comes pretty close to answering that question.

What Makes This Fern Special

The creeping filmy fern belongs to a fascinating group of ferns known for their incredibly thin, almost transparent leaves. When you hold a frond up to the light, you can actually see through it – hence the filmy part of its name. This perennial fern creates intricate patterns that look like they were designed by a master craftsperson, with delicate veining that resembles tiny works of art.

Unlike the robust ferns you might be familiar with in temperate gardens, this species has a growth habit classified as a forb, meaning it lacks significant woody tissue and keeps its growing points at or near ground level. This gives it a low, creeping appearance that’s perfect for creating natural carpets in the right conditions.

Where You’ll Find It in the Wild

This native Puerto Rican species has a pretty exclusive address – it’s found naturally only in Puerto Rico, where it thrives in the island’s humid, shaded environments. The warm, moist conditions of Caribbean rainforests provide the perfect backdrop for these delicate fronds to flourish.

Identifying Creeping Filmy Fern

Spotting Hymenophyllum microcarpum in its natural habitat (or in a specialized garden setting) requires knowing what to look for:

  • Extremely thin, translucent fronds that you can see through when backlit
  • Low-growing, creeping growth pattern along the ground or on moist surfaces
  • Intricate, lace-like appearance with delicate branching patterns
  • Preference for very humid, shaded locations
  • Small size compared to most common garden ferns

Is It Beneficial in Gardens?

While this fern won’t attract pollinators like flowering plants do (ferns reproduce via spores, not flowers), it offers unique benefits to specialized garden settings. In tropical and subtropical regions (USDA zones 10-12), the creeping filmy fern can serve as:

  • A living carpet for shaded, humid microclimates
  • An accent plant that adds textural interest to fern collections
  • A conversation starter for visitors amazed by its delicate, see-through fronds
  • Part of a naturalistic planting that mimics Caribbean rainforest conditions

The Reality Check

Here’s where we need to have an honest conversation: this isn’t a fern for everyone or every garden. The creeping filmy fern requires very specific conditions that most gardeners simply can’t provide. It needs consistent high humidity, protection from direct sunlight, warm temperatures year-round, and constantly moist (but not waterlogged) conditions.

Unless you live in a tropical climate similar to Puerto Rico, have a specialized greenhouse setup, or are creating a dedicated tropical fern garden with controlled conditions, this delicate beauty is probably better admired in botanical gardens or its natural habitat.

For the Adventurous Gardener

If you’re determined to try growing this ethereal fern, you’ll need to recreate a slice of Puerto Rican rainforest. This means providing filtered light, maintaining high humidity levels (think 70-80%), ensuring consistent warmth, and using a well-draining but moisture-retentive growing medium. A terrarium or specialized greenhouse environment would be your best bet for success.

The creeping filmy fern reminds us that not every beautiful plant needs to find its way into our gardens. Sometimes, the most precious species are best appreciated for their unique adaptations to specific environments, serving as ambassadors for the incredible diversity of plant life that thrives in the world’s tropical regions.

Creeping Filmy Fern

Classification

Group

Fern

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision
Division

Pteridophyta - Ferns

Subdivision
Class

Filicopsida

Subclass
Order

Polypodiales

Family

Hymenophyllaceae Mart. - Filmy Fern family

Genus

Hymenophyllum Sm. - filmy fern

Species

Hymenophyllum microcarpum Desv. - creeping filmy fern

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA