North America Native Plant

Common Threesquare

Botanical name: Schoenoplectus pungens var. pungens

USDA symbol: SCPUP5

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: grass

Native status: Native to Canada âš˜ Native to the lower 48 states âš˜ Native to St. Pierre and Miquelon  

Synonyms: Bolboschoenus maritimus (L.) Palla var. polyphyllus (Boeckeler) Dorn (BOMAP3)  âš˜  Scirpus americanus auct. non Pers. (SCAM7)  âš˜  Scirpus americanus Pers. var. polyphyllus (Boeckeler) Beetle (SCAMP)  âš˜  Scirpus pungens Vahl (SCPU3)  âš˜  Scirpus pungens Vahl var. polyphyllus Boeckeler (SCPUP3)  âš˜  Schoenoplectus pungens (Vahl) Palla var. polyphyllus (Boeckeler) Dorn (SCPUP6)   

Common Threesquare: A Hardy Native Sedge for Wet Areas If you’re looking to add some authentic North American charm to your wetland garden or rain garden, let me introduce you to common threesquare (Schoenoplectus pungens var. pungens). This unassuming but incredibly useful native sedge might not win any beauty contests, ...

Common Threesquare: A Hardy Native Sedge for Wet Areas

If you’re looking to add some authentic North American charm to your wetland garden or rain garden, let me introduce you to common threesquare (Schoenoplectus pungens var. pungens). This unassuming but incredibly useful native sedge might not win any beauty contests, but it’s a workhorse that deserves a spot in the right landscape.

What Makes Common Threesquare Special?

Common threesquare is a perennial sedge that’s as American as apple pie – and then some! This hardy graminoid (that’s fancy talk for grass-like plant) is native across a huge swath of North America, from coast to coast and border to border. You’ll find it naturally growing everywhere from Alabama to Saskatchewan, making it one of our continent’s most widespread native sedges.

Don’t let the name fool you – while it’s called threesquare, this plant is all about triangular stems that can reach up to nearly 5 feet tall. The stems are sturdy, dark green, and have that distinctive three-sided shape that gives the plant its common name.

Where Does Common Threesquare Grow?

This adaptable native calls home to an impressive 42 states plus several Canadian provinces, including Alabama, Arkansas, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Vermont, Virginia, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Quebec, Saskatchewan, and Newfoundland. Talk about coast-to-coast coverage!

Should You Plant Common Threesquare?

Here’s the straight scoop: common threesquare isn’t going to be the star of your flower border, but it’s absolutely brilliant in the right setting. This plant is perfect if you have:

  • Wet, soggy areas where other plants struggle
  • A rain garden or bioswale that needs tough, reliable plants
  • Pond edges or stream banks that need erosion control
  • A naturalistic landscape where you want authentic native plants

The plant produces small, inconspicuous blue flowers in late spring, followed by brown seeds that persist into fall. While it won’t stop traffic with its blooms, it provides excellent structure and year-round interest in wet areas.

Growing Conditions: What Common Threesquare Needs

This sedge is pretty specific about its needs, but once you get them right, it’s remarkably low-maintenance:

  • Moisture: High water needs – think consistently moist to wet soil
  • Soil: Amazingly adaptable to coarse, medium, or fine-textured soils
  • pH: Tolerates a wide range from 3.7 to 7.5
  • Sun: Full sun only – this plant doesn’t do shade
  • Climate: Hardy to -38°F, needs at least 120 frost-free days
  • Salinity: Medium tolerance, so it can handle some salt

Planting and Care Tips

Getting common threesquare established is pretty straightforward:

  • Best planting method: Use sprigs rather than seeds for reliable establishment
  • Spacing: Plant 3,450 to 4,800 plants per acre for coverage
  • Timing: Spring planting works best
  • Establishment: Keep consistently moist during the first growing season
  • Maintenance: Virtually none once established – this plant takes care of itself

The plant spreads at a moderate rate through underground rhizomes, so give it room to naturalize. It has a long lifespan and moderate growth rate, reaching its full height of nearly 5 feet by summer.

The Bottom Line

Common threesquare won’t win any Prettiest Plant awards, but it’s an ecological MVP. If you have wet areas in your landscape and want to support native plant communities, this sedge delivers authentic North American character with zero fuss. It’s particularly valuable for erosion control, wetland restoration, and creating habitat in naturalistic settings.

Just remember: this isn’t a plant for dry gardens or shady spots. But put it where it’s happy – in full sun with plenty of moisture – and you’ll have a reliable, long-lived native that connects your landscape to the broader North American ecosystem.

How

Common Threesquare

Grows

Growing season

Summer

Lifespan

Long

Growth form & shape

Rhizomatous and Erect

Growth rate

Moderate

Height at 20 years
Maximum height

4.9

Foliage color

Dark Green

Summer foliage density

Dense

Winter foliage density

Moderate

Foliage retention

No

Flowering

No

Flower color

Blue

Fruit/seeds

No

Fruit/seed color

Brown

Allelopath

No

Nitrogen fixing

None

Toxic

None

C:N Ratio

Medium

Fire Resistant

Yes

Foliage Texture

Coarse

Low-growing Grass

No

Resproutability

No

Coppice Ability

No

Bloat

None

Common Threesquare

Growing Conditions

Adapted to Coarse Soil

Yes

Adapted to Medium Soil

Yes

Adapted to Fine Soil

Yes

Anaerobic tolerance

High

CaCO₃ tolerance

Medium

Cold Stratification

No

Drought tolerance

Low

Nutrient requirement

Medium

Fire tolerance

Medium

Frost-free days minimum

120

Hedge tolerance

None

Moisture requirement

High

pH range

3.7 to 7.5

Plants per acre

3450 to 4800

Precipitation range (in)

12 to 60

Min root depth (in)

14

Salt tolerance

Medium

Shade tolerance

Intolerant

Min temperature (F)

-38

Cultivating

Common Threesquare

Flowering season

Late Spring

Commercial availability

Routinely Available

Fruit/seed abundance

Medium

Fruit/seed season

Summer to Fall

Fruit/seed persistence

Yes

Propagated by bare root

No

Propagated by bulb

No

Propagated by container

No

Propagated by corm

No

Propagated by cuttings

No

Propagated by seed

No

Propagated by sod

No

Propagated by sprigs

Yes

Propagated by tubers

No

Seed per pound

216435

Seed spread rate

Moderate

Seedling vigor

Medium

Small grain

No

Vegetative spread rate

Moderate

Common Threesquare

Classification

Group

Monocot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Liliopsida - Monocotyledons

Subclass

Commelinidae

Order

Cyperales

Family

Cyperaceae Juss. - Sedge family

Genus

Schoenoplectus (Rchb.) Palla - bulrush

Species

Schoenoplectus pungens (Vahl) Palla - common threesquare

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA