North America Native Plant

Common Spikerush

Botanical name: Eleocharis palustris var. vigens

USDA symbol: ELPAV

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: grass

Native status: Native to the lower 48 states  

Common Spikerush: A Humble Native Sedge for Wetland Gardens If you’ve ever wondered what those slender, grass-like plants are doing along pond edges and in marshy areas, you might be looking at common spikerush (Eleocharis palustris var. vigens). This unassuming native sedge might not win any beauty contests, but it’s ...

Common Spikerush: A Humble Native Sedge for Wetland Gardens

If you’ve ever wondered what those slender, grass-like plants are doing along pond edges and in marshy areas, you might be looking at common spikerush (Eleocharis palustris var. vigens). This unassuming native sedge might not win any beauty contests, but it’s a hardworking member of wetland ecosystems that deserves a place in the right garden setting.

What Is Common Spikerush?

Common spikerush is a perennial sedge native to the lower 48 states, belonging to the diverse world of graminoids – those grass-like plants that include sedges, rushes, and true grasses. Don’t let its modest appearance fool you; this little plant plays a big role in nature’s water management system.

Where Does It Grow Naturally?

You’ll find common spikerush naturally occurring across several northern states, including Maine, Michigan, Nebraska, New York, Vermont, and Wisconsin. It thrives in the cooler climates of USDA hardiness zones 3-8, making it a reliable choice for northern gardeners looking to incorporate native wetland plants.

Why Consider Common Spikerush for Your Garden?

While common spikerush won’t provide the showy blooms of a wildflower, it offers several compelling reasons to include it in the right landscape:

  • Excellent for erosion control along water features
  • Helps filter runoff and improve water quality
  • Provides habitat and cover for wetland wildlife
  • Extremely low maintenance once established
  • Authentic choice for native wetland restoration projects

Perfect Garden Settings

Common spikerush isn’t meant for your typical flower border. This specialized plant shines in specific garden situations:

  • Pond margins and water garden edges
  • Rain gardens and bioswales
  • Bog gardens and wetland restoration areas
  • Natural drainage areas that stay consistently moist
  • Wildlife habitat gardens focused on wetland species

Growing Conditions and Care

The secret to success with common spikerush is simple: think wet. This plant has very specific needs that mirror its natural wetland habitat:

Light Requirements

Common spikerush performs best in full sun to partial shade. While it can tolerate some shade, it typically grows more vigorously with plenty of sunlight.

Soil and Moisture

Here’s where things get specific – common spikerush needs consistently moist to wet soils. We’re talking about conditions that would make most garden plants unhappy: soggy, waterlogged, or even seasonally flooded areas. Sandy or clay soils work fine as long as moisture levels stay high.

Maintenance

Once established in the right conditions, common spikerush is remarkably low-maintenance. It spreads naturally through underground rhizomes, gradually forming colonies that help stabilize soil and provide consistent ground cover in wet areas.

Planting Tips

Getting common spikerush established requires attention to its unique needs:

  • Plant in spring when soil temperatures warm up
  • Ensure the planting site stays consistently moist – never allow it to dry out
  • Space plants 6-12 inches apart if creating a colony
  • Consider starting with container-grown plants for better establishment
  • Be patient – it may take a season or two to fully establish

Wildlife and Ecosystem Benefits

While common spikerush might not attract butterflies like a purple coneflower would, it provides important ecosystem services. The dense root system helps prevent erosion, while the plant structure offers cover for small wildlife and amphibians. It’s also part of the complex web of native plants that support healthy wetland ecosystems.

Is Common Spikerush Right for Your Garden?

Common spikerush is definitely not a plant for every garden. If you have average garden soil and typical watering practices, this isn’t your plant. However, if you’re dealing with persistently wet areas, creating a rain garden, or developing a naturalistic water feature, common spikerush could be exactly what you need.

This humble sedge represents the beauty of working with nature rather than against it. Instead of fighting wet, soggy conditions in your landscape, common spikerush embraces them, turning problem areas into functional, attractive wetland features that support local ecosystems while requiring minimal care from you.

For gardeners committed to native plant landscaping and ecological restoration, common spikerush offers an authentic way to recreate the subtle beauty and important functions of natural wetland communities right in your own backyard.

Common Spikerush

Classification

Group

Monocot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Liliopsida - Monocotyledons

Subclass

Commelinidae

Order

Cyperales

Family

Cyperaceae Juss. - Sedge family

Genus

Eleocharis R. Br. - spikerush

Species

Eleocharis palustris (L.) Roem. & Schult. - common spikerush

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA