North America Native Plant

Coastal Plain Spikerush

Botanical name: Eleocharis retroflexa

USDA symbol: ELRE2

Life cycle: annual

Habit: grass

Native status: Native to the lower 48 states âš˜ Native to Puerto Rico âš˜ Native to the U.S. Virgin Islands  

Synonyms: Scirpus retroflexus Poir. (SCRE5)   

Coastal Plain Spikerush: A Specialized Native Sedge for Wetland Gardens If you’re looking to create a authentic wetland garden or need a native plant for those perpetually soggy spots in your yard, meet coastal plain spikerush (Eleocharis retroflexa). This unassuming little sedge might not win any beauty contests, but it’s ...

Coastal Plain Spikerush: A Specialized Native Sedge for Wetland Gardens

If you’re looking to create a authentic wetland garden or need a native plant for those perpetually soggy spots in your yard, meet coastal plain spikerush (Eleocharis retroflexa). This unassuming little sedge might not win any beauty contests, but it’s a hardworking native that deserves consideration for specialized landscape applications.

What is Coastal Plain Spikerush?

Coastal plain spikerush is an annual sedge native to the southeastern United States and Caribbean regions. Don’t let the common name fool you—while it’s called spikerush, it’s actually a member of the sedge family (Cyperaceae), not a true rush. Like other sedges, it has that classic grass-like appearance that makes it blend seamlessly into wetland environments.

You might occasionally see this plant listed under its scientific synonym, Scirpus retroflexus, in older botanical references.

Where Does It Grow Naturally?

This specialized sedge calls the coastal plains home, with native populations in Alabama, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands. It’s perfectly adapted to the unique conditions found in these warm, wet coastal environments.

Should You Plant Coastal Plain Spikerush?

Here’s the honest truth: coastal plain spikerush isn’t for everyone. This plant is quite specialized and really only makes sense in specific gardening situations. Here’s when you might want to consider it:

  • You’re creating a native wetland garden or bog garden
  • You’re involved in habitat restoration projects in its native range
  • You have a rain garden that needs authentic native species
  • You want to support local ecosystems with truly indigenous plants

However, if you’re looking for a showy ornamental or something for typical garden beds, you’ll want to look elsewhere. This little sedge is all about function over form.

Growing Conditions and Care

As an obligate wetland plant, coastal plain spikerush has very specific needs that you absolutely must meet for success:

  • Water requirements: Constantly moist to saturated soils—think bog conditions
  • Sun exposure: Full sun to partial shade
  • Soil type: Tolerates various soil types as long as they stay consistently wet
  • USDA hardiness zones: 8-11 (based on its native range)
  • Flooding tolerance: Handles seasonal flooding like a champ

Planting and Maintenance Tips

Since this is an annual plant, coastal plain spikerush completes its entire life cycle in one growing season. Here’s how to work with its natural rhythm:

  • Plant in spring after the last frost when soil temperatures warm up
  • Ensure your planting site stays consistently wet—this is non-negotiable
  • Allow plants to go to seed if you want them to return the following year
  • Minimal maintenance required once established in the right conditions
  • May self-seed readily in appropriate wetland conditions

Role in the Landscape

Think of coastal plain spikerush as a supporting actor rather than the star of your garden show. It works best when planted as part of a diverse wetland plant community, where it can blend in naturally and provide authentic habitat value. It’s particularly useful for:

  • Adding texture and authenticity to constructed wetlands
  • Filling in gaps in rain garden plantings
  • Supporting the overall ecosystem health of wetland restorations
  • Providing natural-looking ground cover in boggy areas

Wildlife and Ecological Benefits

While coastal plain spikerush might look modest, it plays important ecological roles in its native wetland habitats. As a native sedge, it likely provides habitat and food sources for various wetland wildlife, though specific benefits aren’t well-documented for this particular species.

The Bottom Line

Coastal plain spikerush is definitely a niche plant for niche situations. If you’re passionate about native plant gardening, involved in wetland restoration, or blessed with a naturally boggy area that needs authentic local species, this little sedge could be perfect for you. Just remember—success depends entirely on providing those constantly wet conditions it craves.

For most gardeners, there are probably more versatile native options available, but for the right situation and the right gardener, coastal plain spikerush offers the satisfaction of growing something truly indigenous to its coastal plain home.

Wetland Status

The rule of seasoned gardeners and landscapers is to choose the "right plant for the right place" matching plants to their ideal growing conditions, so they'll thrive with less work and fewer inputs. But the simplicity of this catchphrase conceals how tricky plant selection is. While tags list watering requirements, there's more to the story.

Knowing a plant's wetland status can simplify the process by revealing the interaction between plants, water, and soil. Surprisingly, many popular landscape plants are wetland species! And what may be a wetland plant in one area, in another it might thrive in drier conditions. Also, it helps you make smarter gardening choices and grow healthy plants with less care and feeding, saving you time, frustration, and money while producing an attractive garden with greater ecological benefits.

Regions
Status
Moisture Conditions

Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain

OBL

Obligate Wetland - Plants with this status almost always occurs in wetlands

Caribbean

OBL

Obligate Wetland - Plants with this status almost always occurs in wetlands

Coastal Plain Spikerush

Classification

Group

Monocot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Liliopsida - Monocotyledons

Subclass

Commelinidae

Order

Cyperales

Family

Cyperaceae Juss. - Sedge family

Genus

Eleocharis R. Br. - spikerush

Species

Eleocharis retroflexa (Poir.) Urb. - coastal plain spikerush

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA