North America Native Plant

Coast Indian Paintbrush

Botanical name: Castilleja affinis affinis

USDA symbol: CAAFA2

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: subshrub

Native status: Native to the lower 48 states  

Synonyms: Castilleja affinis Hook. & Arn. var. contentiosa (J.F. Macbr.) Bacig. (CAAFC)  âš˜  Castilleja affinis Hook. & Arn. ssp. insularis (Eastw.) Munz (CAAFI)  âš˜  Castilleja californica Abrams (CACA51)  âš˜  Castilleja douglasii Benth. (CADO4)  âš˜  Castilleja douglasii Benth. ssp. insularis (Eastw.) Pennell (CADOI)  âš˜  Castilleja inflata Pennell (CAIN25)  âš˜  Castilleja wightii Elmer (CAWI5)  âš˜  Castilleja wightii Elmer ssp. anacapensis (Dunkle) Pennell (CAWIA)  âš˜  Castilleja wightii Elmer ssp. inflata (Pennell) Munz (CAWII)  âš˜  Castilleja wightii Elmer ssp. rubra Pennell (CAWIR)   

Coast Indian Paintbrush: A Spectacular Native Wildflower for California Gardens If you’re looking to add a splash of vibrant color to your California garden while supporting native wildlife, the coast Indian paintbrush might be just the ticket. This stunning perennial wildflower brings the brilliant reds and oranges of California’s coastal ...

Rare plant alert!

Region: Conservation status by state

Status: S4S5T3?: Status is uncertain but is somewhere between the following rankings: Inexact rank: ⚘ Subspecies or variety is vulnerable: Either very rare and local throughout its range, found only in a restricted range (even if abundant at some locations), or factors are making it vulnerable to extinction. Typically 21 to 100 occurrences or between 3,000 and 10,000 individuals. ⚘ Apparently Secure: Uncommon but not rare, and usually widespread. Possibly cause for longterm concern. Typically more than 100 occurrences in the state or more than 10,000 individuals ⚘ Secure: At very low or no risk of extinction in the jurisdiction due to a very extensive range, abundant populations or occurrences, with little to no concern from declines or threats. ⚘ Uncertain taxonomy: ⚘ Imperiled: Extremely rare due to factor(s) making it especially vulnerable to extinction. Typically 6 to 20 occurrences or few remaining individuals (1,000 to 3,000) ⚘ Vulnerable: Either very rare and local throughout its range, found only in a restricted range (even if abundant at some locations), or factors are making it vulnerable to extinction. Typically 21 to 100 occurrences or between 3,000 and 10,000 individuals ⚘

Region: Conservation status by state

Coast Indian Paintbrush: A Spectacular Native Wildflower for California Gardens

If you’re looking to add a splash of vibrant color to your California garden while supporting native wildlife, the coast Indian paintbrush might be just the ticket. This stunning perennial wildflower brings the brilliant reds and oranges of California’s coastal landscapes right to your backyard, creating eye-catching displays that both you and local pollinators will absolutely love.

What Makes Coast Indian Paintbrush Special

Coast Indian paintbrush (Castilleja affinis affinis) is a true California native, naturally occurring throughout the coastal regions of the Golden State. This perennial herb has evolved perfectly for coastal conditions, making it an excellent choice for gardeners wanting to create authentic California landscapes.

The plant gets its common name from the brilliant colored bracts (modified leaves) that surround the small, inconspicuous flowers. These bracts create the appearance of a paintbrush dipped in vibrant paint – usually in shades of red, orange, or sometimes pink. The actual flowers are small and tubular, nestled within these colorful bracts.

Garden Design and Landscape Role

Coast Indian paintbrush serves multiple roles in garden design:

  • Provides striking color contrast in wildflower meadows and native plant gardens
  • Works beautifully in coastal and Mediterranean-style landscapes
  • Excellent for naturalistic plantings that mimic California’s coastal prairies
  • Creates stunning seasonal displays when planted in drifts
  • Adds vertical interest with its upright growth habit

This plant shines brightest in native plant gardens, wildflower meadows, and naturalistic landscapes. It’s particularly well-suited for coastal gardens, drought-tolerant plantings, and anywhere you want to recreate the magic of California’s wild spaces.

Growing Conditions and Care

Here’s where coast Indian paintbrush gets interesting – and a bit challenging. Like other members of the Castilleja genus, this plant is what botanists call hemiparasitic. Don’t worry, it’s not as scary as it sounds! It simply means the plant can photosynthesize on its own but also connects to the roots of nearby plants to supplement its nutrition.

Preferred growing conditions:

  • Full sun to partial shade
  • Well-draining soils (clay, loam, or sandy soils all work)
  • Low to moderate water needs once established
  • Thrives in coastal California’s Mediterranean climate
  • USDA Hardiness Zones 8-10

Planting and Care Tips

Successfully growing coast Indian paintbrush requires understanding its unique needs:

The Host Plant Secret: Because of its hemiparasitic nature, coast Indian paintbrush performs best when planted near compatible host plants. Native grasses like purple needlegrass or California fescue make excellent companions, as do other native perennials.

Planting tips:

  • Start with nursery-grown plants rather than seeds for best results
  • Plant in fall for spring establishment
  • Space plants 12-18 inches apart
  • Water regularly the first year, then reduce to occasional deep watering
  • Avoid fertilizing – the plant prefers lean soils

Maintenance: Once established, coast Indian paintbrush is relatively low-maintenance. Deadhead spent flowers to encourage more blooms, and allow the plant to go dormant naturally in summer. Cut back old growth in late fall or early winter.

Benefits for Pollinators and Wildlife

Coast Indian paintbrush is a pollinator magnet! The tubular flowers are perfectly designed for:

  • Hummingbirds, which are primary pollinators
  • Long-tongued bees and butterflies
  • Native moths and other beneficial insects

The plant typically blooms from spring through early summer, providing crucial nectar when many native plants are just getting started for the season.

Is Coast Indian Paintbrush Right for Your Garden?

Consider planting coast Indian paintbrush if you:

  • Want to support native California wildlife and pollinators
  • Love bold, vibrant colors in your garden
  • Are creating a drought-tolerant or Mediterranean-style landscape
  • Enjoy the challenge of growing unique, specialized plants
  • Want to recreate California’s natural coastal beauty

Keep in mind that this plant does require some specific conditions and companion plants to thrive, so it might not be the best choice for beginners or those wanting extremely low-maintenance options.

A True California Treasure

Coast Indian paintbrush represents the wild beauty of California’s coastal regions. While it may require a bit more thought and planning than your average garden perennial, the spectacular display of color and the wildlife benefits make it well worth the effort. Plus, there’s something deeply satisfying about growing a plant that’s been painting California’s landscapes with brilliant color for thousands of years.

Whether you’re a native plant enthusiast or simply someone who appreciates stunning garden displays, coast Indian paintbrush deserves consideration for your California garden. Just remember to plant it with friends – both the plant kind and the human kind will appreciate the spectacular show!

Coast Indian Paintbrush

Classification

Group

Dicot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons

Subclass

Asteridae

Order

Scrophulariales

Family

Scrophulariaceae Juss. - Figwort family

Genus

Castilleja Mutis ex L. f. - Indian paintbrush

Species

Castilleja affinis Hook. & Arn. - coast Indian paintbrush

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA