North America Native Plant

Clubmoss

Botanical name: Huperzia ×carlquistii

USDA symbol: HUCA6

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: subshrub

Native status: Native to Hawaii  

Hawaiian Clubmoss: A Rare Ancient Plant Worth Knowing Have you ever wondered about those mysterious, moss-like plants that seem to bridge the gap between the simple and complex plant world? Meet the Hawaiian clubmoss (Huperzia ×carlquistii), a fascinating hybrid that represents one of Earth’s most ancient plant lineages. While you ...

Hawaiian Clubmoss: A Rare Ancient Plant Worth Knowing

Have you ever wondered about those mysterious, moss-like plants that seem to bridge the gap between the simple and complex plant world? Meet the Hawaiian clubmoss (Huperzia ×carlquistii), a fascinating hybrid that represents one of Earth’s most ancient plant lineages. While you probably won’t find this little green wonder at your local nursery, understanding what it is can deepen your appreciation for Hawaii’s incredible botanical diversity.

What Exactly Is a Clubmoss?

Despite its common name, clubmoss isn’t actually a moss at all! Huperzia ×carlquistii belongs to a group called lycopods – ancient plants that have been around for over 400 million years. Think of them as living fossils that once dominated prehistoric forests alongside dinosaurs. These perennial plants are vascular, meaning they have internal plumbing systems like trees and flowers, but they reproduce using spores rather than seeds.

This particular species is what botanists call a forb herb, which is just a fancy way of saying it’s a non-woody plant that doesn’t develop thick, tree-like stems. Instead, it maintains a more delicate, herbaceous structure throughout its life.

Where Does Hawaiian Clubmoss Call Home?

Huperzia ×carlquistii is endemic to Hawaii, meaning it exists nowhere else on Earth. This rare hybrid can be found exclusively in the Hawaiian Islands, where it has adapted to the unique environmental conditions of these volcanic landscapes.

A Versatile Island Dweller

One interesting characteristic of this clubmoss is its facultative wetland status in Hawaii. This means it’s quite the adaptable little plant – comfortable in both wetland environments and drier areas. This flexibility likely helped it survive in Hawaii’s diverse microclimates, from misty cloud forests to more seasonal environments.

Is It Beneficial to Gardens?

While you’re unlikely to cultivate Huperzia ×carlquistii in your home garden due to its rarity and specific habitat requirements, clubmosses in general can be beneficial to natural ecosystems. They:

  • Help prevent soil erosion with their root systems
  • Contribute to the biodiversity of native plant communities
  • Serve as indicators of healthy, undisturbed forest ecosystems
  • Add to the structural diversity of plant communities

How to Identify Hawaiian Clubmoss

Since this is a hybrid species with limited documentation, identification can be tricky even for experts. However, clubmosses in general share some common characteristics:

  • Small, needle-like leaves arranged spirally around the stem
  • Low-growing, often forming small colonies
  • No true flowers – they reproduce via spores
  • Evergreen appearance year-round
  • Often found in shaded, humid environments

Conservation Matters

As a Hawaiian endemic hybrid, Huperzia ×carlquistii represents a unique piece of evolutionary history. While we don’t have specific information about its conservation status, many Hawaiian native plants face pressure from habitat loss and invasive species. If you’re lucky enough to encounter what might be this rare clubmoss during visits to Hawaii’s natural areas, remember to look but don’t touch – and definitely don’t collect.

For mainland gardeners interested in supporting native plant conservation, consider focusing on clubmoss species native to your own region, or support organizations working to protect Hawaii’s unique flora from afar.

The Bigger Picture

While you might not be able to grow Hawaiian clubmoss in your backyard, learning about plants like Huperzia ×carlquistii reminds us of the incredible diversity of plant life on our planet. These ancient survivors connect us to deep evolutionary history and highlight the importance of protecting unique ecosystems like those found in Hawaii.

Next time you’re exploring nature, take a moment to look for the small, often-overlooked plants around you. Who knows? You might discover your own local lycopod species that’s been quietly thriving in the understory for millions of years.

Wetland Status

The rule of seasoned gardeners and landscapers is to choose the "right plant for the right place" matching plants to their ideal growing conditions, so they'll thrive with less work and fewer inputs. But the simplicity of this catchphrase conceals how tricky plant selection is. While tags list watering requirements, there's more to the story.

Knowing a plant's wetland status can simplify the process by revealing the interaction between plants, water, and soil. Surprisingly, many popular landscape plants are wetland species! And what may be a wetland plant in one area, in another it might thrive in drier conditions. Also, it helps you make smarter gardening choices and grow healthy plants with less care and feeding, saving you time, frustration, and money while producing an attractive garden with greater ecological benefits.

Regions
Status
Moisture Conditions

Hawaii

FAC

Facultative - Plants with this status can occur in wetlands and non-wetlands

Clubmoss

Classification

Group

Lycopod

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision
Division

Lycopodiophyta - Lycopods

Subdivision
Class

Lycopodiopsida

Subclass
Order

Lycopodiales

Family

Lycopodiaceae P. Beauv. ex Mirb. - Club-moss family

Genus

Huperzia Bernh. - clubmoss

Species

Huperzia ×carlquistii Beitel & W.H. Wagner [somae × subintegra] - clubmoss

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA