North America Native Plant

Cliffside Cyrtandra

Botanical name: Cyrtandra paliku

USDA symbol: CYPA27

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: subshrub

Native status: Native to Hawaii  

Cliffside Cyrtandra: Hawaii’s Endangered Forest Jewel Meet the cliffside cyrtandra (Cyrtandra paliku), one of Hawaii’s most precious and precarious native plants. This remarkable shrub represents both the incredible diversity of Hawaiian flora and the urgent need for plant conservation in our island ecosystems. A Rare Hawaiian Native Cyrtandra paliku is ...

Rare plant alert!

Region: United States

Status: S1: Status is uncertain but is somewhere between the following rankings: Critically Imperiled: Extremely rare due to factor(s) making it especially vulnerable to extinction. Typically 5 or fewer occurrences or very few remaining individuals (<1,000) ⚘ Endangered: In danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range. ⚘

Region: United States

Cliffside Cyrtandra: Hawaii’s Endangered Forest Jewel

Meet the cliffside cyrtandra (Cyrtandra paliku), one of Hawaii’s most precious and precarious native plants. This remarkable shrub represents both the incredible diversity of Hawaiian flora and the urgent need for plant conservation in our island ecosystems.

A Rare Hawaiian Native

Cyrtandra paliku is exclusively native to Hawaii, where it grows naturally in the state’s lush wet forests. As a member of the African violet family, this perennial shrub has adapted to thrive in Hawaii’s unique tropical environment over thousands of years of evolution.

This species is found only in Hawaii, making it a true endemic treasure of the islands.

Why This Plant Needs Our Attention

Critical Conservation Status: Before we dive into growing information, it’s essential to understand that cliffside cyrtandra is critically endangered. With a Global Conservation Status of S1 (Critically Imperiled) and federal Endangered Species protection, this plant is hanging by a thread in the wild. Typically, this status means there are only five or fewer known populations and fewer than 1,000 individual plants remaining.

Physical Characteristics and Growth Habits

As a shrub, cliffside cyrtandra is a multi-stemmed woody plant that typically stays under 13-16 feet tall, though it may grow differently depending on its specific environment. Like other members of its genus, it likely produces tubular flowers that are adapted for pollination by Hawaii’s native birds and insects.

The plant is a perennial, meaning it lives for multiple years and doesn’t need to be replanted annually. Its growth habit makes it well-suited for the understory of Hawaii’s native forests.

Natural Habitat and Growing Conditions

In its natural habitat, cliffside cyrtandra thrives in:

  • Consistently moist, well-draining forest soils
  • Shaded understory conditions
  • High humidity environments
  • Areas with regular rainfall or moisture

The plant has a wetland status of Facultative Wetland in Hawaii, meaning it usually grows in wetland areas but can occasionally be found in drier locations.

Can You Grow Cliffside Cyrtandra?

The Conservation Reality: While we’d love to encourage everyone to grow native plants, cliffside cyrtandra presents a unique situation. Due to its critically endangered status, this plant should only be cultivated through official conservation programs or with properly sourced, legally obtained plant material.

If you’re interested in supporting this species:

  • Contact local Hawaiian botanical gardens or conservation organizations
  • Support habitat restoration efforts in Hawaii
  • Consider growing other native Hawaiian Cyrtandra species that are less threatened
  • Participate in citizen science projects that monitor rare plant populations

Climate Requirements

Cliffside cyrtandra requires tropical conditions similar to its native Hawaiian habitat, limiting cultivation to USDA hardiness zones 11-12. This means it can only survive year-round in the warmest parts of Hawaii, southern Florida, and similar tropical climates.

Supporting Hawaiian Plant Conservation

Instead of attempting to grow this rare species in your garden, consider these alternatives that support Hawaiian conservation:

  • Plant other native Hawaiian species that are more readily available
  • Support organizations working to protect Hawaiian forest habitats
  • Learn about and share information about Hawaii’s unique endemic flora
  • Visit botanical gardens that maintain conservation collections of rare Hawaiian plants

The Bigger Picture

Cliffside cyrtandra serves as a reminder of how precious and fragile our native plant communities can be. While this particular species may not be suitable for typical home gardens due to its endangered status, it highlights the importance of choosing native plants for our landscapes and supporting conservation efforts.

By understanding and respecting the conservation needs of species like cliffside cyrtandra, we become better stewards of our natural heritage and help ensure that future generations can appreciate these remarkable plants in their native habitats.

Cliffside Cyrtandra

Classification

Group

Dicot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons

Subclass

Asteridae

Order

Scrophulariales

Family

Gesneriaceae Rich. & Juss. - Gesneriad family

Genus

Cyrtandra J.R. Forst. & G. Forst. - cyrtandra

Species

Cyrtandra paliku W.L. Wagner, K.R. Wood & D.H. Lorence - cliffside cyrtandra

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA