North America Native Plant

Cliffs Flatsedge

Botanical name: Cyperus sandwicensis

USDA symbol: CYSA

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: grass

Native status: Native to Hawaii  

Synonyms: Cyperus sandwicensis Kük. var. pseudoprescottianus (CYSAP)  âš˜  Mariscus sandwicensis (Kük.) T. Koyama (MASA6)   

Cliffs Flatsedge: A Rare Hawaiian Native Worth Protecting in Your Garden Meet the cliffs flatsedge (Cyperus sandwicensis), a humble yet important native Hawaiian sedge that’s quietly playing a crucial role in the islands’ ecosystems. While it might not win any beauty contests with its unassuming appearance, this tough little perennial ...

Rare plant alert!

Region: Conservation status by state

Status: S3: Status is uncertain but is somewhere between the following rankings: Vulnerable: Either very rare and local throughout its range, found only in a restricted range (even if abundant at some locations), or factors are making it vulnerable to extinction. Typically 21 to 100 occurrences or between 3,000 and 10,000 individuals ⚘

Cliffs Flatsedge: A Rare Hawaiian Native Worth Protecting in Your Garden

Meet the cliffs flatsedge (Cyperus sandwicensis), a humble yet important native Hawaiian sedge that’s quietly playing a crucial role in the islands’ ecosystems. While it might not win any beauty contests with its unassuming appearance, this tough little perennial deserves a spot in your native Hawaiian garden—with some important considerations.

What Makes Cliffs Flatsedge Special?

This grass-like sedge is a true Hawaiian endemic, meaning it exists nowhere else on Earth. Found exclusively in Hawaii, cliffs flatsedge has adapted to some pretty challenging conditions, making its home on rocky cliffs and challenging terrain where other plants might struggle to survive.

The plant gets its common name from its preferred habitat—those dramatic cliffsides that make Hawaii so breathtaking. It’s a member of the sedge family (Cyperaceae), which means it’s actually more closely related to rushes than to true grasses, despite its grass-like appearance.

A Plant That Needs Our Help

Here’s where things get serious: cliffs flatsedge has a Global Conservation Status of S3, which means it’s considered vulnerable. With typically only 21 to 100 occurrences and between 3,000 and 10,000 individuals remaining, this little sedge is facing some real challenges in the wild.

If you’re thinking about adding cliffs flatsedge to your garden, that’s wonderful! But please, please make sure you’re sourcing it responsibly. This means:

  • Purchasing from reputable native plant nurseries
  • Never collecting from wild populations
  • Choosing nursery-propagated plants over wild-collected specimens
  • Supporting conservation efforts through your plant purchases

Garden Role and Landscape Design

Don’t expect cliffs flatsedge to be the showstopper of your garden—it’s more of a supporting character. This sedge excels in:

  • Native Hawaiian restoration projects
  • Rock gardens and xeriscaped areas
  • Erosion control on slopes or challenging terrain
  • Adding authentic Hawaiian character to native plant gardens

Its facultative upland status means it usually grows in non-wetland areas but can tolerate some moisture, making it quite versatile for different garden conditions.

Growing Conditions and Care

The good news? Cliffs flatsedge is relatively low-maintenance once established. Here’s what it needs to thrive:

  • Climate: USDA hardiness zones 10-11 (it needs that tropical warmth)
  • Soil: Well-draining soils are essential—this plant hates wet feet
  • Light: Partial shade to full sun
  • Water: Drought tolerant once established, minimal supplemental watering needed

Wildlife and Pollinator Benefits

While cliffs flatsedge might not be buzzing with bee activity (sedges are typically wind-pollinated rather than insect-pollinated), it still contributes to the native ecosystem in important ways. As part of Hawaii’s endemic flora, it provides habitat and plays a role in the complex web of native Hawaiian ecology.

The Bottom Line

Should you plant cliffs flatsedge? If you’re passionate about native Hawaiian plants and committed to responsible gardening practices, absolutely! This rare sedge deserves a place in conservation-minded gardens. Just remember that with its vulnerable status comes responsibility—source it ethically and consider it an investment in Hawaii’s botanical future.

While it may not have the flashy flowers of some native Hawaiian plants, cliffs flatsedge offers something perhaps more valuable: a direct connection to Hawaii’s unique evolutionary story and a chance to play a small part in preserving it for future generations.

Cliffs Flatsedge

Classification

Group

Monocot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Liliopsida - Monocotyledons

Subclass

Commelinidae

Order

Cyperales

Family

Cyperaceae Juss. - Sedge family

Genus

Cyperus L. - flatsedge

Species

Cyperus sandwicensis Kük. - cliffs flatsedge

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA