North America Native Plant

Cliff Thistle

Botanical name: Cirsium turneri

USDA symbol: CITU

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: forb

Native status: Native to the lower 48 states  

Cliff Thistle: A Rare Texas Native Worth Protecting Meet the cliff thistle (Cirsium turneri), one of Texas’s most elusive native wildflowers. This perennial forb might not be a household name in gardening circles, and there’s a very good reason for that – it’s incredibly rare and found only in specific ...

Rare plant alert!

Region: Conservation status by state

Status: S3: Status is uncertain but is somewhere between the following rankings: Vulnerable: Either very rare and local throughout its range, found only in a restricted range (even if abundant at some locations), or factors are making it vulnerable to extinction. Typically 21 to 100 occurrences or between 3,000 and 10,000 individuals ⚘

Cliff Thistle: A Rare Texas Native Worth Protecting

Meet the cliff thistle (Cirsium turneri), one of Texas’s most elusive native wildflowers. This perennial forb might not be a household name in gardening circles, and there’s a very good reason for that – it’s incredibly rare and found only in specific cliff habitats across the Lone Star State.

What Makes Cliff Thistle Special?

Cliff thistle is a true Texas native, belonging to the sunflower family (Asteraceae). Like its thistle cousins, it’s a herbaceous perennial that lacks woody stems but makes up for it with character. This spiny beauty has adapted to life on rocky cliff faces, making it a true specialist in the plant world.

Currently, cliff thistle holds a Global Conservation Status of S3, meaning it’s considered vulnerable throughout its range. With typically only 21 to 100 occurrences and between 3,000 to 10,000 individuals remaining, this plant is walking a tightrope toward rarity.

Where Does Cliff Thistle Grow?

This rare gem is found exclusively in Texas, where it clings to life in specialized cliff habitats. Its limited geographic distribution makes it a true endemic treasure of the region.

Should You Plant Cliff Thistle in Your Garden?

Here’s where things get a bit complicated. While supporting native plants is always admirable, cliff thistle’s vulnerable status means we need to tread carefully. If you’re considering adding this species to your landscape, here are the key points to consider:

  • Rarity concerns: With so few populations remaining, it’s crucial that any planting material comes from responsibly sourced seeds or plants, never from wild collection
  • Specialized needs: This plant has evolved for very specific cliff habitats, which may be difficult to replicate in typical garden settings
  • Limited availability: Due to its rarity, cliff thistle is unlikely to be available through conventional nursery channels

Growing Conditions and Care

Given its cliff-dwelling nature, cliff thistle likely prefers:

  • Well-draining, rocky soils
  • Full sun exposure
  • Minimal water once established
  • USDA hardiness zones typical of Texas (likely zones 7-9)

However, specific cultivation requirements for this species are not well-documented, making successful garden cultivation challenging even for experienced native plant enthusiasts.

Wildlife and Pollinator Benefits

Like other thistle species, cliff thistle likely provides valuable nectar for butterflies, bees, and other pollinators when in bloom. The seeds may also serve as food for birds, particularly finches that are known thistle-seed enthusiasts.

Better Alternatives for Your Texas Native Garden

Given cliff thistle’s vulnerable status and specialized growing requirements, consider these more readily available Texas native alternatives:

  • Texas thistle (Cirsium texanum): Another native thistle that’s less rare and easier to grow
  • Purple prairie clover (Dalea purpurea): Offers similar pollinator benefits with purple blooms
  • Lanceleaf coreopsis (Coreopsis lanceolata): A reliable native wildflower that thrives in challenging conditions

The Bottom Line

Cliff thistle represents the fascinating diversity of Texas’s native flora, but its rarity means it’s better appreciated in its natural habitat than in our gardens. If you’re passionate about supporting this species, consider contributing to habitat conservation efforts or supporting botanical research rather than attempting cultivation.

For most gardeners, choosing more common native alternatives will provide similar ecological benefits while leaving our rare cliff thistle populations undisturbed to recover and thrive in their specialized rocky homes.

Cliff Thistle

Classification

Group

Dicot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons

Subclass

Asteridae

Order

Asterales

Family

Asteraceae Bercht. & J. Presl - Aster family

Genus

Cirsium Mill. - thistle

Species

Cirsium turneri Warnock - cliff thistle

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA