North America Native Plant

Cleveland’s Spineflower

Botanical name: Chorizanthe clevelandii

USDA symbol: CHCL2

Life cycle: annual

Habit: forb

Native status: Native to the lower 48 states  

Cleveland’s Spineflower: A Delicate Native Annual Worth Growing If you’re looking to add a touch of delicate beauty to your Southern California native garden, Cleveland’s spineflower (Chorizanthe clevelandii) might just be the charming little annual you’ve been searching for. This unassuming native forb may not win any contests for showiness, ...

Rare plant alert!

Region: Conservation status by state

Status: S3?: Status is uncertain but is somewhere between the following rankings: Inexact rank: ⚘ Vulnerable: Either very rare and local throughout its range, found only in a restricted range (even if abundant at some locations), or factors are making it vulnerable to extinction. Typically 21 to 100 occurrences or between 3,000 and 10,000 individuals ⚘

Cleveland’s Spineflower: A Delicate Native Annual Worth Growing

If you’re looking to add a touch of delicate beauty to your Southern California native garden, Cleveland’s spineflower (Chorizanthe clevelandii) might just be the charming little annual you’ve been searching for. This unassuming native forb may not win any contests for showiness, but what it lacks in drama, it makes up for in ecological value and understated elegance.

What Is Cleveland’s Spineflower?

Cleveland’s spineflower is a native annual forb that belongs to the buckwheat family. As an annual, it completes its entire life cycle in one growing season, germinating from seed, flowering, setting seed, and dying all within the span of a year. Don’t let the word spineflower intimidate you – while the plant does have tiny spines on its flower bracts, they’re more decorative than dangerous.

This native beauty is found exclusively in California, making it a true local treasure for Golden State gardeners. However, it’s worth noting that Cleveland’s spineflower has a Global Conservation Status of S3?, indicating it may be vulnerable or rare in some areas. This makes it all the more important to grow it responsibly using ethically sourced seeds.

Why Grow Cleveland’s Spineflower?

There are several compelling reasons to consider adding this native annual to your garden:

  • Supports local ecosystems: As a native plant, it provides food and habitat for native insects and other wildlife
  • Low maintenance: Once established, it requires minimal care and water
  • Attracts beneficial insects: The small flowers are magnets for native bees and other pollinators
  • Self-seeding: After the first year, it often reseeds itself, creating a sustainable population
  • Authentic to place: Adds genuine regional character to your landscape

Appearance and Growth Habits

Cleveland’s spineflower won’t knock your socks off with bold blooms, but its subtle charm grows on you. The plant forms a low-growing rosette of small, narrow leaves close to the ground. In spring, delicate stems emerge bearing tiny white to pink flowers that are quite lovely when viewed up close. The entire plant typically stays under a foot tall and spreads modestly, making it perfect for filling in gaps in native plant communities.

Perfect Places for Cleveland’s Spineflower

This versatile native works beautifully in several garden settings:

  • Native plant gardens: A natural choice for authentic California landscapes
  • Xeriscapes: Thrives in drought-tolerant garden designs
  • Coastal gardens: Well-adapted to coastal conditions in Southern California
  • Wildflower meadows: Adds delicate texture to naturalistic plantings
  • Slope stabilization: Helps prevent erosion on hillsides

Growing Conditions and Care

Cleveland’s spineflower is refreshingly easy to grow once you understand its preferences. This plant thrives in full sun and well-draining, sandy soils – think of the coastal scrub and chaparral habitats where it naturally occurs. It’s adapted to USDA hardiness zones 9-11, making it suitable for most of Southern California’s climate.

The key to success is drainage. Like many natives from Mediterranean climates, Cleveland’s spineflower despises soggy soil and will quickly succumb to root rot if kept too wet. Sandy or rocky soil that drains quickly is ideal.

Planting and Care Tips

Growing Cleveland’s spineflower is straightforward if you follow these guidelines:

  • Timing: Direct seed in fall (October-December) to allow for natural winter stratification
  • Soil preparation: Ensure excellent drainage; amend heavy soils with sand or gravel
  • Watering: Provide moderate water during germination, then reduce significantly once established
  • Fertilization: None needed – native soils provide adequate nutrition
  • Maintenance: Minimal pruning required; allow plants to set seed for next year’s crop

Remember, since this plant has a potentially vulnerable conservation status, always source seeds from reputable native plant nurseries or seed companies that collect responsibly. Never collect seeds from wild populations.

Wildlife and Pollinator Benefits

Despite its small stature, Cleveland’s spineflower punches above its weight when it comes to supporting local wildlife. The tiny flowers attract a variety of beneficial insects, including small native bees, beneficial wasps, and other pollinators. These insects, in turn, support birds and other wildlife up the food chain.

Is Cleveland’s Spineflower Right for Your Garden?

Cleveland’s spineflower is an excellent choice for gardeners who appreciate subtle beauty and want to support local ecosystems. It’s particularly well-suited for those creating authentic Southern California native landscapes or anyone looking for low-maintenance, drought-tolerant plants.

However, if you’re seeking bold, showy flowers or year-round structure, this delicate annual might not be your best bet. It’s definitely a less is more kind of plant that rewards careful observation rather than demanding attention from across the yard.

By choosing to grow Cleveland’s spineflower with responsibly sourced seeds, you’re not only adding a charming native to your garden but also helping to preserve this potentially vulnerable species for future generations. Sometimes the smallest plants make the biggest difference.

Cleveland’s Spineflower

Classification

Group

Dicot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons

Subclass

Caryophyllidae

Order

Polygonales

Family

Polygonaceae Juss. - Buckwheat family

Genus

Chorizanthe R. Br. ex Benth. - spineflower

Species

Chorizanthe clevelandii Parry - Cleveland's spineflower

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA