North America Native Plant

Cleftleaf Phacelia

Botanical name: Phacelia crenulata var. angustifolia

USDA symbol: PHCRA

Life cycle: annual

Habit: forb

Native status: Native to the lower 48 states  

Cleftleaf Phacelia: A Delicate Desert Native Worth Growing Responsibly If you’re looking to add a touch of delicate beauty to your desert or native plant garden, cleftleaf phacelia (Phacelia crenulata var. angustifolia) might just be the perfect annual wildflower for you. This charming native plant brings both visual appeal and ...

Rare plant alert!

Region: Conservation status by state

Status: S5T2T3: Status is uncertain but is somewhere between the following rankings: Subspecies or variety is imperiled: Extremely rare due to factor(s) making it especially vulnerable to extinction. Typically 6 to 20 occurrences or few remaining individuals (1,000 to 3,000) ⚘ Subspecies or variety is vulnerable: Either very rare and local throughout its range, found only in a restricted range (even if abundant at some locations), or factors are making it vulnerable to extinction. Typically 21 to 100 occurrences or between 3,000 and 10,000 individuals. ⚘ Secure: At very low or no risk of extinction in the jurisdiction due to a very extensive range, abundant populations or occurrences, with little to no concern from declines or threats. ⚘

Cleftleaf Phacelia: A Delicate Desert Native Worth Growing Responsibly

If you’re looking to add a touch of delicate beauty to your desert or native plant garden, cleftleaf phacelia (Phacelia crenulata var. angustifolia) might just be the perfect annual wildflower for you. This charming native plant brings both visual appeal and ecological benefits to southwestern landscapes, though it comes with an important caveat about responsible sourcing.

What Makes Cleftleaf Phacelia Special?

Cleftleaf phacelia is a native annual forb that calls the American Southwest home. As a herbaceous plant without woody stems, it completes its entire life cycle in just one growing season, but what a show it puts on! The plant produces clusters of small, tubular flowers in lovely shades of blue to purple, arranged in distinctive coiled formations that unfurl as the blooms mature. These eye-catching flower clusters sit atop stems adorned with deeply lobed, almost fern-like leaves that give the plant its cleftleaf common name.

Where Does It Grow Naturally?

This desert beauty is native to the lower 48 states, specifically thriving in the arid landscapes of Arizona and Utah. In these regions, you’ll find it growing naturally in desert washes, rocky slopes, and sandy areas where many other plants struggle to survive.

A Note About Rarity

Before you rush out to plant cleftleaf phacelia, there’s something important to know: this variety has a Global Conservation Status of S5T2T3, which indicates some conservation concerns. While this doesn’t mean you shouldn’t grow it, it does mean you should be extra careful about where you source your seeds or plants. Always purchase from reputable native plant suppliers who harvest seeds responsibly and avoid collecting from wild populations.

Why Consider Growing Cleftleaf Phacelia?

There are several compelling reasons to include this native annual in your garden:

  • Pollinator magnet: The flowers are incredibly attractive to native bees, butterflies, and other beneficial insects
  • True drought tolerance: Once established, it requires minimal water, making it perfect for xeriscape gardens
  • Low maintenance: As a native plant, it’s adapted to local conditions and needs very little care
  • Natural beauty: The delicate flowers and interesting foliage add texture and color to native plant compositions
  • Ecological value: Supports local wildlife and helps maintain regional biodiversity

Perfect Garden Scenarios

Cleftleaf phacelia shines in several garden settings:

  • Desert gardens: Complements other southwestern natives beautifully
  • Wildflower meadows: Adds delicate color to naturalized areas
  • Rock gardens: Thrives among rocks and in well-draining conditions
  • Pollinator gardens: Essential for supporting native bee populations
  • Xeriscape landscapes: Perfect for water-wise gardening approaches

Growing Conditions and Care

The good news is that cleftleaf phacelia is relatively easy to grow if you can provide the right conditions:

Sunlight: Full sun is essential for healthy growth and abundant flowering.

Soil: Well-draining sandy or rocky soil is crucial. This plant absolutely cannot tolerate soggy conditions and will quickly succumb to root rot in heavy, clay soils or areas with poor drainage.

Water: Once established, this drought-tolerant native needs very little supplemental watering. In fact, too much water can be more harmful than too little.

Climate: As an annual, it can grow in USDA hardiness zones 4-9, though it’s best suited to the drier climates of the Southwest.

Planting and Care Tips

  • Timing: Direct seed in fall for spring germination, or plant in early spring after the last frost
  • Seeding: Scatter seeds lightly on prepared soil surface and barely cover, as they need light to germinate
  • Spacing: Allow plenty of room between plants for good air circulation
  • Fertilization: Skip the fertilizer completely – native plants prefer lean soils
  • Watering: Provide minimal water during establishment, then rely on natural rainfall
  • Maintenance: Deadhead spent flowers to encourage continued blooming, or leave them for wildlife and natural reseeding

The Bottom Line

Cleftleaf phacelia is a wonderful choice for gardeners wanting to create authentic southwestern landscapes while supporting local pollinators and wildlife. Its delicate beauty and ecological benefits make it well worth growing, but remember to source your seeds responsibly due to its conservation status. When grown in the right conditions with minimal intervention, this charming annual will reward you with months of lovely blooms and the satisfaction of knowing you’re supporting native biodiversity in your own backyard.

Cleftleaf Phacelia

Classification

Group

Dicot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons

Subclass

Asteridae

Order

Solanales

Family

Hydrophyllaceae R. Br. - Waterleaf family

Genus

Phacelia Juss. - phacelia

Species

Phacelia crenulata Torr. ex S. Watson - cleftleaf wildheliotrope

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA