North America Native Plant

Cleft Phlox

Botanical name: Phlox bifida stellaria

USDA symbol: PHBIS

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: subshrub

Native status: Native to the lower 48 states  

Synonyms: Phlox bifida Beck var. cedaria (Brand) Fernald (PHBIC)  âš˜  Phlox bifida Beck var. stellaria (A. Gray) Wherry (PHBIS2)  âš˜  Phlox stellaria A. Gray (PHST13)   

Cleft Phlox: A Charming Native Ground Cover for Low-Maintenance Gardens If you’re looking for a native plant that delivers springtime charm without demanding constant attention, cleft phlox (Phlox bifida stellaria) might just be your new garden buddy. This delightful little perennial proves that good things really do come in small ...

Cleft Phlox: A Charming Native Ground Cover for Low-Maintenance Gardens

If you’re looking for a native plant that delivers springtime charm without demanding constant attention, cleft phlox (Phlox bifida stellaria) might just be your new garden buddy. This delightful little perennial proves that good things really do come in small packages – and it’s perfectly happy to spread its beauty across your landscape with minimal fuss from you.

What Makes Cleft Phlox Special

Cleft phlox is a low-growing native perennial that forms attractive mats of foliage topped with clusters of small, star-shaped flowers. True to its name, this phlox variety features deeply cleft (split) petals that give the blooms a distinctive, almost feathery appearance. The flowers typically appear in shades of white to pale pink, creating a soft carpet of color in spring.

As a native plant species, cleft phlox has been naturally occurring in the lower 48 states for centuries. You’ll find this charming ground cover growing wild across Arkansas, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Missouri, and Tennessee, where it has adapted perfectly to local growing conditions.

Why Your Garden Will Love Cleft Phlox

This native beauty brings several compelling reasons to earn a spot in your landscape:

  • Low maintenance: Once established, cleft phlox is quite drought tolerant and requires minimal care
  • Pollinator magnet: The spring flowers attract butterflies and native bees, supporting local ecosystems
  • Perfect size: At under 1.5 feet tall, it won’t overwhelm smaller spaces or compete with taller plants
  • Native credentials: Supports local wildlife and is naturally adapted to regional growing conditions
  • Versatile use: Works beautifully as ground cover, in rock gardens, or as part of prairie restoration projects

Where Cleft Phlox Shines in Your Landscape

This adaptable native works wonderfully in several garden settings. Rock gardens are perhaps its most natural home, where it can cascade over stones and fill crevices with color. It’s also excellent for native plant gardens, where you’re celebrating regional flora, or as part of larger prairie restoration projects.

Consider using cleft phlox as a living mulch around taller native plants, or let it naturalize in areas where you want low-maintenance ground cover that still provides seasonal interest.

Growing Cleft Phlox Successfully

The beauty of native plants like cleft phlox is that they’re already adapted to succeed in their natural range. Here’s how to give yours the best start:

Growing Conditions

  • Sunlight: Full sun to partial shade – it’s quite adaptable
  • Soil: Well-drained, sandy soils are preferred, but it tolerates various soil types
  • Moisture: Drought tolerant once established, but appreciates occasional watering during dry spells
  • Hardiness: Suitable for USDA zones 4-8, making it cold-hardy across much of its range

Planting and Care Tips

Spring or early fall are the best times to plant cleft phlox. Choose a location with good drainage – this is perhaps the most important factor for success. Heavy, waterlogged soils can cause problems, so consider amending clay soils with sand or planting in raised beds if drainage is poor.

Once established, cleft phlox is refreshingly low-maintenance. You can deadhead spent flowers if you prefer a tidier appearance, but it’s not necessary for plant health. The natural spreading habit means it may self-seed in favorable conditions, gradually expanding your colony.

Is Cleft Phlox Right for Your Garden?

Cleft phlox is an excellent choice for gardeners who appreciate native plants and want reliable, low-maintenance ground cover. It’s particularly well-suited for rock gardens, native plant enthusiasts, and anyone looking to support local pollinators with minimal effort.

However, if you’re looking for a plant that provides structure or significant height, this might not be your best choice. Its low-growing habit makes it perfect for understory plantings but not for creating privacy or focal points.

For gardeners within its native range of Arkansas, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Missouri, and Tennessee, cleft phlox represents an opportunity to grow something that truly belongs in your local ecosystem – and that’s always a beautiful thing.

Cleft Phlox

Classification

Group

Dicot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons

Subclass

Asteridae

Order

Solanales

Family

Polemoniaceae Juss. - Phlox family

Genus

Phlox L. - phlox

Species

Phlox bifida Beck - cleft phlox

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA