North America Native Plant

Chupa Gallo

Botanical name: Pleodendron macranthum

USDA symbol: PLMA6

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: tree

Native status: Native to Puerto Rico  

Chupa Gallo: Puerto Rico’s Critically Endangered Tree Treasure Meet the chupa gallo (Pleodendron macranthum), one of Puerto Rico’s rarest botanical gems. This extraordinary tree species represents both the incredible biodiversity of the Caribbean and the urgent conservation challenges facing our native plant communities today. What Makes Chupa Gallo Special? The ...

Rare plant alert!

Region: United States

Status: S1: Status is uncertain but is somewhere between the following rankings: Critically Imperiled: Extremely rare due to factor(s) making it especially vulnerable to extinction. Typically 5 or fewer occurrences or very few remaining individuals (<1,000) ⚘ Endangered: In danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range. ⚘

Region: United States

Chupa Gallo: Puerto Rico’s Critically Endangered Tree Treasure

Meet the chupa gallo (Pleodendron macranthum), one of Puerto Rico’s rarest botanical gems. This extraordinary tree species represents both the incredible biodiversity of the Caribbean and the urgent conservation challenges facing our native plant communities today.

What Makes Chupa Gallo Special?

The chupa gallo is a perennial tree species that’s exclusively native to Puerto Rico – you won’t find it growing wild anywhere else on Earth! Under ideal conditions, this woody plant develops a single trunk and can reach impressive heights of 13-16 feet or more, though environmental factors sometimes result in shorter, multi-stemmed growth forms.

As a member of Puerto Rico’s unique flora, the chupa gallo grows only within the island’s borders, making it a true endemic treasure.

A Tree in Crisis

Here’s where things get serious, fellow plant enthusiasts. The chupa gallo carries a Global Conservation Status of S1, which translates to Critically Imperiled. This classification means the species is extremely rare, with typically five or fewer known locations and fewer than 1,000 remaining individuals in the wild. In the United States, it’s officially listed as Endangered.

These numbers aren’t just statistics – they represent a species hanging by a thread, facing potential extinction.

Should You Plant Chupa Gallo?

The short answer? Unless you’re a professional botanist working on authorized conservation efforts, this isn’t the tree for your garden. Here’s why:

  • Extremely limited availability makes sourcing nearly impossible
  • Critical conservation status means wild collection would be harmful
  • Specific growing requirements are poorly understood
  • Better to support in-situ conservation efforts

Supporting Conservation Instead

While you can’t bring chupa gallo home, you can still make a difference! Consider these alternatives:

  • Support Puerto Rican botanical gardens and conservation organizations
  • Plant other native Puerto Rican species that are more readily available
  • Advocate for habitat protection in Puerto Rico
  • Learn about and share awareness of endangered plant species

Growing Conditions and Care

Though specific cultivation details remain largely unknown due to the species’ rarity, we can infer that chupa gallo likely thrives in tropical conditions similar to its native Puerto Rican habitat. This would suggest:

  • USDA Hardiness Zones 11-12
  • Warm, humid tropical climate
  • Well-draining soil
  • Protection from extreme weather

However, without extensive cultivation experience, successful growing requirements remain largely theoretical.

The Bigger Picture

The story of chupa gallo serves as a powerful reminder of what we stand to lose when natural habitats disappear. While we can’t all grow this remarkable tree, we can all play a role in protecting the places where such species still survive.

Instead of seeking out critically endangered species for our gardens, let’s focus our green thumbs on supporting conservation efforts and choosing readily available native plants that can thrive in our care while supporting local ecosystems.

Chupa Gallo

Classification

Group

Dicot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons

Subclass

Magnoliidae

Order

Magnoliales

Family

Canellaceae Mart. - Canella family

Genus

Pleodendron v. Tiegh. - pleodendron

Species

Pleodendron macranthum (Baill.) v. Tiegh. - chupa gallo

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA