North America Native Plant

Chiricahua Dwarf Gentian

Botanical name: Gentianella microcalyx

USDA symbol: GEMI3

Life cycle: annual

Habit: forb

Native status: Native to the lower 48 states  

Synonyms: Gentiana microcalyx Lemmon (GEMI4)   

Chiricahua Dwarf Gentian: A Rare Gem of Arizona’s Mountains Meet the Chiricahua dwarf gentian (Gentianella microcalyx), one of Arizona’s most specialized native wildflowers. This tiny annual might not be the showiest plant in your garden, but it’s certainly one of the most interesting – especially if you’re passionate about preserving ...

Rare plant alert!

Region: Conservation status by state

Status: S3S4: Status is uncertain but is somewhere between the following rankings: Vulnerable: Either very rare and local throughout its range, found only in a restricted range (even if abundant at some locations), or factors are making it vulnerable to extinction. Typically 21 to 100 occurrences or between 3,000 and 10,000 individuals ⚘ Apparently Secure: Uncommon but not rare, and usually widespread. Possibly cause for longterm concern. Typically more than 100 occurrences in the state or more than 10,000 individuals ⚘

Chiricahua Dwarf Gentian: A Rare Gem of Arizona’s Mountains

Meet the Chiricahua dwarf gentian (Gentianella microcalyx), one of Arizona’s most specialized native wildflowers. This tiny annual might not be the showiest plant in your garden, but it’s certainly one of the most interesting – especially if you’re passionate about preserving rare native species and creating authentic regional landscapes.

What Makes This Plant Special

The Chiricahua dwarf gentian is a true Arizona endemic, found naturally only in the state’s mountainous regions. As its common name suggests, this is a petite member of the gentian family, classified as a forb – essentially a soft-stemmed flowering plant without woody growth. Don’t let its small stature fool you; this annual packs a punch when it comes to ecological significance.

You might also see this plant listed under its botanical synonym, Gentiana microcalyx Lemmon, in older references, but Gentianella microcalyx is the current accepted name.

Where You’ll Find It Growing Wild

This little gentian calls Arizona home, specifically thriving in the state’s higher elevation environments. It’s perfectly adapted to the unique conditions found in Arizona’s mountain ranges, where cool temperatures and specific soil conditions create just the right habitat for this specialized species.

A Word About Rarity

Here’s something important to know: the Chiricahua dwarf gentian has a Global Conservation Status of S3S4, indicating it may be uncommon and could face some conservation concerns. This rarity status means that if you’re considering adding this plant to your garden, you should only source it from reputable native plant nurseries that use responsibly collected or ethically propagated material. Never collect seeds or plants from wild populations.

Garden Appeal and Landscape Role

Let’s be honest – this isn’t going to be your garden’s main attraction. The Chiricahua dwarf gentian is more of a plant nerd’s plant, perfect for collectors of rare natives or gardeners creating highly specialized Arizona mountain habitat gardens. Its small, delicate flowers and compact annual growth make it ideal for:

  • Native plant collections focused on Arizona endemics
  • Rock gardens mimicking high-elevation habitats
  • Educational or conservation-focused landscapes
  • Specialized wildflower meadows

Growing Conditions and Care

This is where things get tricky. The Chiricahua dwarf gentian isn’t your typical garden annual. As a mountain specialist, it has very specific needs that can be challenging to replicate in most home gardens. While exact growing requirements aren’t well-documented in cultivation, we can infer from its natural habitat that it likely prefers:

  • Cool, moist conditions similar to its mountain home
  • Well-draining soils
  • Higher elevation environments
  • Protection from intense heat

Being an annual, it completes its entire life cycle in one growing season, so you’ll need to allow it to set seed if you want it to return the following year.

Should You Grow It?

The Chiricahua dwarf gentian is definitely not for every gardener or every garden. Consider growing it if you:

  • Live in or near Arizona’s mountainous regions
  • Are passionate about rare native plant conservation
  • Have experience growing challenging or specialized natives
  • Want to support local ecosystem preservation
  • Have access to responsibly sourced plant material

However, you might want to skip this one if you’re looking for easy-care garden plants, live in hot desert areas, or prefer showy flowering annuals.

The Bottom Line

The Chiricahua dwarf gentian represents something special in the plant world – a rare native that connects us to Arizona’s unique mountain ecosystems. While it may not be the easiest plant to grow or the most spectacular in bloom, it offers dedicated native plant gardeners the opportunity to participate in conservation while creating authentic regional landscapes. Just remember: if you decide to try growing this rare gem, always source your plants or seeds responsibly and consider it a privilege to help preserve this unique piece of Arizona’s natural heritage.

Chiricahua Dwarf Gentian

Classification

Group

Dicot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons

Subclass

Asteridae

Order

Gentianales

Family

Gentianaceae Juss. - Gentian family

Genus

Gentianella Moench - dwarf gentian

Species

Gentianella microcalyx (Lemmon) J.M. Gillett - Chiricahua dwarf gentian

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA