North America Native Plant

Chambers Paintbrush

Botanical name: Castilleja chambersii

USDA symbol: CACH40

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: forb

Native status: Native to the lower 48 states  

Chambers Paintbrush: Oregon’s Rarest Native Wildflower Meet Chambers paintbrush (Castilleja chambersii), one of Oregon’s most elusive native wildflowers. This perennial forb belongs to the paintbrush family, known for their vibrant, brush-like flower clusters that seem to have been dipped in nature’s paint palette. But before you start planning where to ...

Rare plant alert!

Region: Conservation status by state

Status: S1: Status is uncertain but is somewhere between the following rankings: Critically Imperiled: Extremely rare due to factor(s) making it especially vulnerable to extinction. Typically 5 or fewer occurrences or very few remaining individuals (<1,000) ⚘

Chambers Paintbrush: Oregon’s Rarest Native Wildflower

Meet Chambers paintbrush (Castilleja chambersii), one of Oregon’s most elusive native wildflowers. This perennial forb belongs to the paintbrush family, known for their vibrant, brush-like flower clusters that seem to have been dipped in nature’s paint palette. But before you start planning where to plant this beauty in your garden, there’s something crucial you need to know about this extraordinary little plant.

A Plant on the Edge

Chambers paintbrush holds the sobering distinction of having a Global Conservation Status of S1, which translates to Critically Imperiled. This means there are typically five or fewer known populations in existence, with fewer than 1,000 individual plants remaining in the wild. In the plant world, that’s about as rare as finding a unicorn in your backyard.

Where to Find This Botanical Treasure

This native Oregon gem is found nowhere else on Earth. Chambers paintbrush calls the high-elevation meadows and alpine areas of Oregon’s Cascade Range home, where it has adapted to very specific environmental conditions that are nearly impossible to replicate in typical garden settings.

What Makes It Special

Like other members of the paintbrush family, Chambers paintbrush produces those characteristic colorful bracts (modified leaves) that surround the actual flowers. These bracts typically display the classic red-orange hues that make paintbrushes so distinctive and attractive to both wildlife and wildflower enthusiasts.

As a perennial forb, this plant lacks significant woody tissue and maintains perennating buds at or below ground level, allowing it to survive harsh mountain winters and return each growing season.

Should You Grow Chambers Paintbrush?

Here’s where we need to have a serious heart-to-heart. Given its critically imperiled status, Chambers paintbrush is not a plant for typical home gardens. However, if you’re involved in conservation efforts or specialized native plant preservation, here are some important considerations:

  • Source responsibly: Only obtain plants or seeds through legitimate conservation programs
  • Understand the challenge: Paintbrushes are notoriously difficult to grow because they’re partially parasitic, requiring specific host plants and soil fungi to thrive
  • Consider alternatives: Other Oregon native Castilleja species may provide similar aesthetic benefits without conservation concerns

Growing Conditions (For Conservation Purposes Only)

If you’re working with conservation organizations on preservation efforts, Chambers paintbrush requires:

  • Climate: Cool temperatures consistent with USDA hardiness zones 4-6
  • Elevation: High-altitude conditions similar to its native Cascade Range habitat
  • Soil: Well-draining soils with specific mycorrhizal fungi partnerships
  • Companions: Appropriate host plants that the paintbrush can parasitize

Wildlife Benefits

In its natural habitat, Chambers paintbrush likely provides nectar for hummingbirds and native pollinators, following the pattern of other paintbrush species. These relationships have evolved over thousands of years in Oregon’s mountain ecosystems.

The Bottom Line

Chambers paintbrush represents one of nature’s most precious gifts to Oregon—a plant so specialized and rare that it exists in only a handful of locations. Rather than attempting to grow this critically imperiled species, consider supporting conservation efforts that protect its natural habitat. If you’re drawn to the beauty of paintbrushes, explore more common Castilleja species native to your area that can provide similar aesthetic appeal without conservation concerns.

Sometimes the most responsible way to appreciate a plant is to admire it in its natural setting and work to ensure it remains there for future generations to discover and cherish.

Chambers Paintbrush

Classification

Group

Dicot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons

Subclass

Asteridae

Order

Scrophulariales

Family

Scrophulariaceae Juss. - Figwort family

Genus

Castilleja Mutis ex L. f. - Indian paintbrush

Species

Castilleja chambersii M. Egger & R.J. Meinke - Chambers paintbrush

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA