North America Native Plant

Catillaria Lichen

Botanical name: Catillaria terrena

USDA symbol: CATE23

Habit: lichen

Native status: Native to North America  

Catillaria Lichen: The Tiny Pioneer You Might Be Overlooking Have you ever noticed those small, pale patches scattered across bare soil or rocks in your garden and wondered what they were? You might be looking at catillaria lichen (Catillaria terrena), one of nature’s most resilient and understated organisms. While this ...

Catillaria Lichen: The Tiny Pioneer You Might Be Overlooking

Have you ever noticed those small, pale patches scattered across bare soil or rocks in your garden and wondered what they were? You might be looking at catillaria lichen (Catillaria terrena), one of nature’s most resilient and understated organisms. While this North American native won’t win any beauty contests, it plays a surprisingly important role in creating healthy garden ecosystems.

What Exactly Is Catillaria Lichen?

Let’s clear up a common misconception right away – catillaria lichen isn’t actually a plant at all! It’s a fascinating partnership between fungi and algae (and sometimes bacteria) that work together as one organism. Think of it as nature’s ultimate roommate situation, where everyone benefits from the arrangement.

Catillaria terrena forms thin, crusty patches that range from grayish-white to pale yellow. These patches might look unremarkable – almost like someone spilled a bit of pale paint on the ground – but they’re actually complex living communities doing important work in your garden.

Where You’ll Find This North American Native

This hardy little lichen is native to North America and has adapted to life in some pretty tough conditions. You’ll typically spot it growing on bare soil, disturbed ground, and sometimes on rocks, particularly in areas that get plenty of sunlight and don’t stay wet for long periods.

Is Catillaria Lichen Good for Your Garden?

While you can’t exactly plant catillaria lichen (more on that in a moment), having it show up naturally in your garden is actually a good sign! Here’s why you should appreciate these tiny pioneers:

  • Soil stabilization: The lichen helps prevent soil erosion by creating a protective crust over bare ground
  • Nutrient cycling: As lichens break down, they add organic matter and nutrients to the soil
  • Indicator species: Their presence suggests relatively clean air, as many lichens are sensitive to pollution
  • Habitat creation: They provide microhabitats for tiny insects and other small creatures

How to Identify Catillaria Lichen

Spotting catillaria lichen is easier once you know what to look for:

  • Thin, crusty patches that seem painted onto the soil or rock surface
  • Pale coloring – usually grayish-white, sometimes with a slight yellowish tint
  • Smooth or slightly rough texture
  • Found on bare soil, disturbed areas, or rock surfaces
  • Most noticeable in dry, sunny locations

Can You Grow Catillaria Lichen?

Here’s where things get interesting – you can’t really grow lichens the way you would a typical garden plant. They can’t be started from seeds, planted from nursery pots, or propagated through cuttings. Lichens establish themselves naturally when conditions are right, and trying to transplant them rarely works.

Instead of trying to cultivate catillaria lichen, the best approach is to create conditions where it might naturally establish itself:

  • Leave some areas of bare soil undisturbed
  • Avoid using chemical treatments in these areas
  • Allow natural processes to occur without intervention
  • Be patient – lichens grow very slowly

Working with Nature, Not Against It

If you discover catillaria lichen in your garden, consider it a gift rather than something to remove. These unassuming organisms are doing valuable work behind the scenes, preparing the soil for other plants and contributing to the overall health of your garden ecosystem.

The next time you’re out in your garden, take a moment to look down at those pale patches on the soil. You might just find yourself appreciating the quiet persistence of catillaria lichen – proof that sometimes the smallest and most overlooked organisms are the ones doing some of the most important work.

Catillaria Lichen

Classification

Group

Lichen

Kingdom

Fungi - Fungi

Subkingdom
Superdivision
Division

Ascomycota - Sac fungi

Subdivision
Class

Ascomycetes

Subclass
Order

Lecanorales

Family

Catillariaceae Hafellner

Genus

Catillaria A. Massal. - catillaria lichen

Species

Catillaria terrena (Willey) Zahlbr. - catillaria lichen

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA