North America Native Plant

Caskfruit

Botanical name: Doliocarpus major

USDA symbol: DOMA

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: vine

Native status: Native to Puerto Rico  

Synonyms: Doliocarpus brevipedicellatus Garcke (DOBR2)   

Caskfruit: A Mysterious Tropical Climber from Puerto Rico If you’re looking for a conversation starter in your garden, meet the caskfruit (Doliocarpus major) – a plant so enigmatic that even botanists don’t have all the answers about it! This tropical climbing plant calls Puerto Rico home, but don’t expect to ...

Caskfruit: A Mysterious Tropical Climber from Puerto Rico

If you’re looking for a conversation starter in your garden, meet the caskfruit (Doliocarpus major) – a plant so enigmatic that even botanists don’t have all the answers about it! This tropical climbing plant calls Puerto Rico home, but don’t expect to find it at your local nursery anytime soon.

What Exactly Is Caskfruit?

Caskfruit is a perennial climbing plant that belongs to the Dilleniaceae family. This twining vine has relatively long stems that can be either woody or herbaceous, allowing it to scramble up through other vegetation in its native habitat. You might also see it listed under its synonym, Doliocarpus brevipedicellatus, in some older botanical references.

Where Does It Come From?

This intriguing climber is native to Puerto Rico, where it grows as part of the island’s unique tropical flora. Its distribution appears to be quite limited, staying within Puerto Rican borders rather than spreading throughout the wider Caribbean region.

Should You Try Growing Caskfruit?

Here’s where things get tricky – and honestly, pretty fascinating from a plant nerd’s perspective. Caskfruit is one of those botanical mysteries that makes you appreciate just how much we still don’t know about the plant kingdom. While we know it exists and where it comes from, the specifics about growing it are largely unknown.

What we don’t know about caskfruit includes:

  • Specific growing conditions and soil preferences
  • USDA hardiness zones (though being from Puerto Rico suggests tropical requirements)
  • Detailed care requirements
  • Propagation methods
  • Wildlife and pollinator benefits
  • Mature size and growth rate

The Reality Check

If you’re a gardener in Puerto Rico or other tropical zones, you might theoretically encounter this plant in the wild, but finding it for cultivation purposes would be quite the adventure. The lack of available information suggests it’s not commonly cultivated, and there’s no indication it’s available through typical horticultural channels.

For most gardeners, especially those outside tropical zones, caskfruit remains more of a botanical curiosity than a practical garden choice. If you’re interested in climbing plants with tropical appeal, you’ll have much better luck with well-documented alternatives that are readily available and come with growing instructions!

Supporting Native Plant Research

Plants like caskfruit remind us that there’s still so much to discover about our native flora. If you’re passionate about native plants, consider supporting botanical research organizations that work to document and preserve lesser-known species like this one. Who knows? Maybe future research will unlock the secrets of successfully growing this mysterious Puerto Rican climber.

In the meantime, if you’re lucky enough to garden in Puerto Rico and happen to spot what might be caskfruit in the wild, take a moment to appreciate this botanical enigma – you’re looking at one of nature’s best-kept secrets!

Caskfruit

Classification

Group

Dicot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons

Subclass

Dilleniidae

Order

Dilleniales

Family

Dilleniaceae Salisb. - Dillenia family

Genus

Doliocarpus Roland. - caskfruit

Species

Doliocarpus major J.F. Gmel. - caskfruit

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA