North America Native Plant

Carter’s Orchid

Botanical name: Basiphyllaea corallicola

USDA symbol: BACO2

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: forb

Native status: Native to the lower 48 states âš˜ Native to Puerto Rico  

Synonyms: Basiphyllaea angustifolia Schltr. (BAAN2)  âš˜  Carteria corallicola Small (CACO84)   

Carter’s Orchid: A Rare Gem That’s Better Admired Than Grown If you’ve stumbled across the name Carter’s orchid in your native plant research, you’ve discovered one of Florida’s most elusive botanical treasures. This tiny orchid, scientifically known as Basiphyllaea corallicola, is so rare that most gardeners will never see one ...

Rare plant alert!

Region: Conservation status by state

Status: S1S3: Status is uncertain but is somewhere between the following rankings: Critically Imperiled: Extremely rare due to factor(s) making it especially vulnerable to extinction. Typically 5 or fewer occurrences or very few remaining individuals (<1,000) ⚘ Vulnerable: Either very rare and local throughout its range, found only in a restricted range (even if abundant at some locations), or factors are making it vulnerable to extinction. Typically 21 to 100 occurrences or between 3,000 and 10,000 individuals ⚘ Inexact rank: ⚘ Critically Imperiled: Extremely rare due to factor(s) making it especially vulnerable to extinction. Typically 5 or fewer occurrences or very few remaining individuals (<1,000) ⚘

Region: Conservation status by state

Carter’s Orchid: A Rare Gem That’s Better Admired Than Grown

If you’ve stumbled across the name Carter’s orchid in your native plant research, you’ve discovered one of Florida’s most elusive botanical treasures. This tiny orchid, scientifically known as Basiphyllaea corallicola, is so rare that most gardeners will never see one in the wild, let alone in cultivation.

What Makes Carter’s Orchid Special

Carter’s orchid is a small terrestrial orchid that produces delicate white to pale pink flowers. As a perennial member of the orchid family, it’s quite different from the showy tropical orchids you might find at your local garden center. This little native has a understated beauty that speaks to those who appreciate subtle natural elegance.

You might also see this plant listed under its former scientific names, including Basiphyllaea angustifolia or Carteria corallicola, but Basiphyllaea corallicola is the currently accepted name.

Where Carter’s Orchid Calls Home

This rare orchid is native to South Florida and Puerto Rico, making it one of the most geographically restricted native orchids in the continental United States. In Florida, it’s found in very specific habitats that provide the exact conditions it needs to survive.

Why You Probably Shouldn’t Try to Grow It

Here’s where things get serious: Carter’s orchid has a conservation status of S1?, meaning it’s critically imperiled with typically fewer than 1,000 individuals remaining in the wild. This isn’t just rare—it’s hanging on by a thread.

Conservation concerns include:

  • Extremely limited wild populations
  • Highly specific habitat requirements
  • Vulnerability to habitat destruction
  • Nearly impossible to cultivate successfully

If you’re interested in growing this orchid, please only consider plants from legitimate conservation programs or botanical institutions that are working to preserve the species. Wild collection is not only harmful to the species but likely illegal.

Growing Conditions (For Educational Purposes)

Carter’s orchid thrives in USDA hardiness zones 10-11, requiring tropical to subtropical conditions. In its natural habitat, it grows in:

  • Partial to full shade
  • High humidity environments
  • Well-draining but consistently moist soils
  • Areas with specific mycorrhizal relationships in the soil

The reality is that this orchid has proven nearly impossible to maintain in cultivation, even by experienced orchid growers and botanical institutions.

Better Alternatives for Your Garden

If you’re drawn to the idea of growing native orchids, consider these more available and garden-friendly Florida natives:

  • Wild pine (Tillandsia species) – epiphytic bromeliads that create orchid-like effects
  • Spider lily (Hymenocallis latifolia) – white flowers with orchid-like elegance
  • Native irises (Iris species) – similar delicate beauty, much easier to grow

How You Can Help

The best way to support Carter’s orchid isn’t to try growing it, but to support conservation efforts. Consider:

  • Donating to native plant conservation organizations
  • Protecting native habitats in South Florida
  • Spreading awareness about rare native plants
  • Volunteering with botanical surveys or habitat restoration projects

Sometimes the most caring thing we can do for a plant is to admire it from afar and work to protect its wild homes. Carter’s orchid is one of those special plants that reminds us that not everything in nature needs to be brought into our gardens—some things are perfect exactly where they are, rare and wild and free.

Carter’s Orchid

Classification

Group

Monocot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Liliopsida - Monocotyledons

Subclass

Liliidae

Order

Orchidales

Family

Orchidaceae Juss. - Orchid family

Genus

Basiphyllaea Schltr. - basiphyllaea

Species

Basiphyllaea corallicola (Small) Ames - Carter's orchid

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA