North America Native Plant

Caroline Maiden Fern

Botanical name: Thelypteris carolinensis

USDA symbol: THCA13

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: forb

Native status: Native to Pacific Basin excluding Hawaii  

Synonyms: Christella carolinensis (Hosok.) Holttum (CHCA7)  âš˜  Cyclosorus carolinensis (Hosok.) Lorence (CYCA2)   

Caroline Maiden Fern: A Rare Pacific Island Native Meet the Caroline maiden fern (Thelypteris carolinensis), a fascinating but little-known fern species that calls the remote Pacific islands home. If you’ve never heard of this particular fern, you’re not alone – it’s one of those botanical gems that most gardeners will ...

Caroline Maiden Fern: A Rare Pacific Island Native

Meet the Caroline maiden fern (Thelypteris carolinensis), a fascinating but little-known fern species that calls the remote Pacific islands home. If you’ve never heard of this particular fern, you’re not alone – it’s one of those botanical gems that most gardeners will never encounter outside of specialized collections or botanical gardens.

What Exactly Is Caroline Maiden Fern?

Caroline maiden fern belongs to the diverse Thelypteris genus, a group of ferns found worldwide. This perennial species is classified as a forb, meaning it’s a vascular plant without significant woody tissue. Unlike the flashy flowering plants that often steal the garden spotlight, ferns like Caroline maiden fern reproduce through spores rather than seeds and don’t produce the colorful blooms that attract pollinators.

You might also see this fern listed under its scientific synonyms: Christella carolinensis or Cyclosorus carolinensis. Botanical names can be a bit like moving targets sometimes – scientists occasionally reclassify plants as they learn more about their relationships to other species.

Where Does It Come From?

This fern is native to the Pacific Basin, specifically found in Guam and Palau. These tropical island locations give us a big clue about what this plant needs to thrive – warm, humid conditions that most mainland gardeners simply can’t provide outdoors year-round.

Is Caroline Maiden Fern Right for Your Garden?

Here’s where things get a bit tricky. Caroline maiden fern is what we might call a specialist species – it’s adapted to very specific growing conditions found in its native Pacific island habitat. For most gardeners, especially those in temperate climates, this fern would be extremely challenging to grow successfully.

If you live in USDA hardiness zones 10-11 and have experience with tropical ferns, you might be able to provide the warm, humid conditions this species likely requires. However, even then, finding plants or spores of this species would be quite difficult, as it’s not commonly available in the horticultural trade.

Better Alternatives for Most Gardens

Unless you’re a dedicated fern collector with a specialized tropical setup, you’ll probably have much better luck with native ferns from your own region. Consider these benefits of choosing local native ferns instead:

  • They’re adapted to your local climate and soil conditions
  • They support local wildlife and ecosystems
  • They’re easier to source from native plant nurseries
  • They require less intensive care once established

What Makes This Fern Special?

While Caroline maiden fern might not be practical for most home gardens, it plays an important role in its native Pacific island ecosystems. Like other native plants, it’s part of the intricate web of life that supports the unique biodiversity of places like Guam and Palau.

For botanical enthusiasts, this species represents the incredible diversity within the fern world and reminds us that there are still many plant species that remain poorly studied and understood. It’s a humble reminder that our planet is full of botanical mysteries, even if they’re not destined for our backyard gardens.

The Bottom Line

Caroline maiden fern is one of those plants that’s more interesting from a botanical perspective than a practical gardening one. Unless you’re in the very specific situation of living in a tropical climate with access to this rare species, you’re better off exploring the wonderful world of native ferns in your own region.

Remember, the best garden plants are usually the ones that naturally want to grow where you live. Your local native plant society or extension office can help you discover the amazing ferns that are native to your area – and trust us, every region has some fantastic options that will be much easier to grow and better for local wildlife than this distant Pacific island native.

Caroline Maiden Fern

Classification

Group

Fern

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision
Division

Pteridophyta - Ferns

Subdivision
Class

Filicopsida

Subclass
Order

Polypodiales

Family

Thelypteridaceae Ching ex Pic. Serm. - Marsh Fern family

Genus

Thelypteris Schmidel - maiden fern

Species

Thelypteris carolinensis (Hosok.) Fosberg - Caroline maiden fern

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA