North America Native Plant

Carolina Rose

Botanical name: Rosa carolina var. carolina

USDA symbol: ROCAC

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: subshrub

Native status: Native to Canada âš˜ Native to the lower 48 states  

Synonyms: Rosa carolina L. var. deamii (Erlanson) Deam (ROCAD)  âš˜  Rosa carolina L. var. glandulosa (Crép.) Farw. (ROCAG)  âš˜  Rosa carolina L. var. grandiflora (Baker) Rehder (ROCAG2)  âš˜  Rosa carolina L. var. lyonii (Pursh) Palmer & Steyerm. (ROCAL)  âš˜  Rosa carolina L. var. obovata (Raf.) Deam (ROCAO)  âš˜  Rosa carolina L. var. sabulosa Erlanson (ROCAS)  âš˜  Rosa carolina L. var. villosa (Best) Rehder (ROCAV)  âš˜  Rosa lyonii Pursh (ROLY3)  âš˜  Rosa palmeri Rydb. (ROPA6)  âš˜  Rosa serrulata Raf. (ROSE5)  âš˜  Rosa subserrulata Rydb. (ROSU5)  âš˜  Rosa texarkana Rydb. (ROTE3)   

Carolina Rose: A Charming Native Shrub for Every Garden If you’re looking for a low-maintenance native plant that delivers both beauty and wildlife benefits, the Carolina rose might just be your new garden favorite. This delightful native shrub proves that sometimes the best things really do come in small packages! ...

Carolina Rose: A Charming Native Shrub for Every Garden

If you’re looking for a low-maintenance native plant that delivers both beauty and wildlife benefits, the Carolina rose might just be your new garden favorite. This delightful native shrub proves that sometimes the best things really do come in small packages!

What Makes Carolina Rose Special?

The Carolina rose (Rosa carolina var. carolina) is a true American native, naturally occurring across a vast swath of eastern North America. Unlike its high-maintenance garden rose cousins, this charming shrub is perfectly content to thrive with minimal fuss while providing maximum benefits to both gardeners and wildlife.

This perennial shrub stays refreshingly compact, typically growing under 1.5 feet tall and rarely exceeding 3 feet at maturity. Don’t let its modest stature fool you though – what it lacks in height, it makes up for in character and usefulness.

Where Does Carolina Rose Call Home?

Carolina rose has one of the most impressive native ranges you’ll find, stretching from southeastern Canada down to Florida and west to the Great Plains. You’ll find this adaptable native growing wild in Alabama, Arkansas, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Vermont, Virginia, West Virginia, Wisconsin, and the District of Columbia, plus several Canadian provinces including New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, and Quebec.

Garden Appeal That Won’t Quit

Carolina rose brings subtle elegance to the garden with its simple yet charming pink flowers that typically measure 1-2 inches across. These five-petaled beauties bloom in late spring and early summer, featuring lovely yellow centers that practically glow in the garden. The real show-stopper comes in fall when the plant produces bright red rose hips that add a pop of color just when many other plants are calling it quits for the season.

Perfect Garden Roles

This versatile native excels in several garden situations:

  • Ground cover for naturalized areas
  • Erosion control on slopes
  • Foundation plantings that stay appropriately sized
  • Mixed native shrub borders
  • Wildlife habitat gardens
  • Rain gardens and bioswales

Carolina rose works beautifully in cottage gardens, native plant gardens, and any landscape where you want to create habitat while maintaining a tidy appearance.

A Pollinator and Wildlife Magnet

Here’s where Carolina rose really shines – it’s like a bed and breakfast for beneficial wildlife! The flowers attract native bees, butterflies, and other pollinators during blooming season. Come fall and winter, those attractive rose hips become a crucial food source for birds, helping them through the lean months.

Growing Conditions Made Simple

One of the best things about Carolina rose is how adaptable and forgiving it is. This native thrives in USDA hardiness zones 4-9, making it suitable for most of the continental United States.

Light Requirements: Full sun to partial shade – it’s quite flexible!

Soil Preferences: Carolina rose isn’t picky about soil. It grows well in clay, sandy soil, and average garden conditions. The key is ensuring decent drainage.

Water Needs: Once established, this drought-tolerant native can handle dry spells with ease, though it will appreciate occasional watering during extended droughts.

Planting and Care Tips

Getting Carolina rose established in your garden is refreshingly straightforward:

  • Plant in spring or fall for best establishment
  • Space plants 2-3 feet apart to allow for natural spreading
  • Water regularly the first year while roots establish
  • Minimal pruning needed – just remove dead or damaged canes
  • Allow the plant to spread naturally via underground runners for ground cover effect

Pro tip: This rose spreads by underground runners, which makes it excellent for naturalizing but means you should plan accordingly if you want to contain it to a specific area.

Why Choose Carolina Rose?

In a world full of high-maintenance garden plants, Carolina rose offers a refreshing alternative. It’s native (which means it belongs in your local ecosystem), low-maintenance (which means more time to enjoy your garden), and provides real benefits to wildlife (which means you’re doing your part for conservation right in your backyard).

Whether you’re a beginning gardener looking for foolproof plants or an experienced gardener wanting to incorporate more natives into your landscape, Carolina rose deserves a spot in your garden. It’s proof that native plants can be both beautiful and practical – a winning combination that’s hard to beat!

Carolina Rose

Classification

Group

Dicot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons

Subclass

Rosidae

Order

Rosales

Family

Rosaceae Juss. - Rose family

Genus

Rosa L. - rose

Species

Rosa carolina L. - Carolina rose

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA