North America Native Plant

Candle Snuffer Moss

Botanical name: Encalypta brevicolla var. brevicolla

USDA symbol: ENBRB

Habit: nonvascular

Native status: Native to North America  

Synonyms: Encalypta ciliata Hedw. var. pilifera Flow. (ENCIP)   

Candle Snuffer Moss: A Tiny Native Wonder for Your Garden Meet one of North America’s most charmingly named native mosses: candle snuffer moss (Encalypta brevicolla var. brevicolla). This diminutive bryophyte might not be the showiest plant in your garden, but it’s got character that’s hard to ignore once you know ...

Candle Snuffer Moss: A Tiny Native Wonder for Your Garden

Meet one of North America’s most charmingly named native mosses: candle snuffer moss (Encalypta brevicolla var. brevicolla). This diminutive bryophyte might not be the showiest plant in your garden, but it’s got character that’s hard to ignore once you know what to look for.

What Exactly Is Candle Snuffer Moss?

Candle snuffer moss is a small, terrestrial moss that’s native to North America. Like all mosses, it’s what botanists call a bryophyte – an ancient group of plants that includes mosses, liverworts, and hornworts. These fascinating little plants are always herbaceous (never woody) and have a knack for growing on solid surfaces like rocks, tree bark, or fallen logs rather than directly in soil.

The candle snuffer name comes from the distinctive shape of its reproductive structures, which look remarkably like the cone-shaped tools once used to extinguish candle flames. Pretty clever naming, if you ask us!

Where You’ll Find This Native Moss

As a North American native, candle snuffer moss has been quietly doing its thing across our continent long before any of us started thinking about native gardening. While specific distribution details for this particular variety can be tricky to pin down (moss taxonomy can be wonderfully complex), it’s part of our natural heritage.

Is Candle Snuffer Moss Good for Your Garden?

Here’s where things get interesting. While candle snuffer moss won’t provide nectar for butterflies or berries for birds (mosses don’t flower or fruit), it does offer some subtle but valuable benefits:

  • Helps prevent soil erosion on slopes and rocky areas
  • Creates microhabitats for tiny beneficial insects and invertebrates
  • Adds textural interest to shaded garden areas
  • Requires absolutely no fertilizers, pesticides, or regular maintenance
  • Provides year-round green color, even in winter

Spotting Candle Snuffer Moss in the Wild

If you’re hoping to identify this moss, look for small, green cushions or patches growing on rocks, fallen logs, or sometimes tree bases. The real giveaway is those characteristic candle-snuffer-shaped capsules (called calyptrae) that appear when the moss is reproducing. These cone-like structures cover the developing spore cases like little caps.

The moss itself forms small, dense patches with tiny leaves that help it conserve moisture – a crucial adaptation for a plant group that lacks the water-conducting tissues that larger plants depend on.

Creating Moss-Friendly Conditions

You can’t exactly plant candle snuffer moss the way you would a perennial, but you can certainly create conditions that welcome it and other native mosses to your space:

  • Maintain consistently moist (but not waterlogged) conditions
  • Provide filtered shade or indirect light
  • Include rocky surfaces, fallen logs, or tree stumps
  • Avoid chemical treatments that might harm delicate moss tissues
  • Be patient – mosses establish slowly but steadily

The Bottom Line

Candle snuffer moss might not be the star of your garden show, but it’s the kind of quiet, undemanding native that adds authentic natural character to shaded spaces. If you’re interested in creating habitat for the full spectrum of native life – from the tiniest soil organisms to the showiest wildflowers – welcoming native mosses like this one is a wonderful way to support biodiversity right in your own backyard.

Plus, there’s something deeply satisfying about having a plant in your garden with such a wonderfully quirky common name. Candle snuffer moss: small in size, big in character!

Candle Snuffer Moss

Classification

Group

Moss

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom
Superdivision
Division

Bryophyta - Mosses

Subdivision

Musci

Class

Bryopsida - True mosses

Subclass

Bryidae

Order

Pottiales

Family

Encalyptaceae Schimp.

Genus

Encalypta Hedw. - candle snuffer moss

Species

Encalypta brevicolla (Bruch & Schimp.) Bruch ex Ångstr. - candle snuffer moss

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA