North America Native Plant

Caloplaca Brunneola

Botanical name: Caloplaca brunneola

USDA symbol: CABR43

Habit: lichen

Native status: Native to North America  

Caloplaca brunneola: The Rusty Rock Artist in Your Garden Meet Caloplaca brunneola, a fascinating lichen that’s probably already decorating the rocks in your garden—you just might not have noticed it yet! This small but mighty organism is one of nature’s most patient artists, slowly painting stone surfaces with subtle patches ...

Caloplaca brunneola: The Rusty Rock Artist in Your Garden

Meet Caloplaca brunneola, a fascinating lichen that’s probably already decorating the rocks in your garden—you just might not have noticed it yet! This small but mighty organism is one of nature’s most patient artists, slowly painting stone surfaces with subtle patches of brownish-orange beauty.

What Exactly Is This Mysterious Rock Dweller?

Caloplaca brunneola is a crustose lichen, which means it forms a crusty, flat layer that’s tightly bonded to rock surfaces. Unlike plants, lichens are actually a partnership between fungi and algae working together in perfect harmony. The fungal partner provides structure and protection, while the algae creates food through photosynthesis—it’s like nature’s ultimate roommate situation!

This particular species is native to North America and can be found naturally occurring across western regions, including California and Nevada, where it has been quietly colonizing rocky surfaces for centuries.

Spotting Caloplaca brunneola in the Wild

Here’s how to identify this subtle beauty:

  • Look for small, brownish-orange to rusty-brown crusty patches on bare rock
  • The surface appears granular or slightly bumpy
  • Patches are typically small, often less than a few inches across
  • Grows directly on the rock surface, not raised above it
  • Most commonly found on exposed stone in dry, sunny locations

Is It Beneficial to Have in Your Garden?

While Caloplaca brunneola won’t attract butterflies or produce showy flowers, it does offer some unique benefits:

  • Adds natural character and age to stone features
  • Requires absolutely no maintenance once established
  • Helps break down rock surfaces very slowly, contributing to soil formation over geological time
  • Indicates good air quality, as many lichens are sensitive to pollution
  • Creates authentic-looking weathered stone surfaces in rock gardens

Can You Grow This Lichen?

Here’s the thing about lichens—you can’t exactly plant them like you would a tomato! Caloplaca brunneola establishes itself naturally when conditions are right. However, you can encourage lichen colonization in your garden:

  • Leave bare rock surfaces exposed to sun and air
  • Avoid cleaning or pressure-washing stone features too frequently
  • Be patient—lichen establishment can take years or even decades
  • Maintain good air quality around your property
  • Choose natural stone over concrete for the best colonization potential

The Perfect Garden Spots

If you’re hoping to spot or encourage Caloplaca brunneola, these garden features are ideal:

  • Rock gardens with exposed stone surfaces
  • Stone retaining walls
  • Natural boulder features
  • Xeriscaped areas with minimal irrigation
  • Exposed cliff faces or rocky outcroppings

Living with Your Rock Artist

The best approach to Caloplaca brunneola is simply to appreciate it when it appears. These lichens are incredibly low-maintenance garden residents that add subtle natural beauty to stone features. They’re like having a living patina that develops over time, creating that coveted established look that many gardeners try to achieve artificially.

So next time you’re admiring your rock garden or stone wall, take a closer look. You might just discover that Caloplaca brunneola has been quietly creating art on your rocks all along, one tiny orange-brown patch at a time!

Caloplaca Brunneola

Classification

Group

Lichen

Kingdom

Fungi - Fungi

Subkingdom
Superdivision
Division

Ascomycota - Sac fungi

Subdivision
Class

Ascomycetes

Subclass
Order

Teloschistales

Family

Teloschistaceae Zahlbr.

Genus

Caloplaca Th. Fr. - orange lichen

Species

Caloplaca brunneola Wetmore

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA