North America Native Plant

California Four O’clock

Botanical name: Mirabilis laevis var. crassifolia

USDA symbol: MILAC4

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: subshrub

Native status: Native to the lower 48 states  

Synonyms: Mirabilis californica A. Gray var. cordifolia (Dunkle) Dunkle (MICAC4)  âš˜  Mirabilis laevis (Benth.) Curran var. cordifolia Dunkle (MILAC3)   

California Four O’Clock: A Rare Native Beauty for Your Garden Meet the California four o’clock (Mirabilis laevis var. crassifolia), a charming native perennial that’s been quietly thriving in California’s landscapes long before any of us started thinking about xeriscaping or native plant gardening. This little-known variety of the four o’clock ...

Rare plant alert!

Region: Conservation status by state

Status: S5T1T3: Status is uncertain but is somewhere between the following rankings: Subspecies or variety is critically Imperiled: Extremely rare due to factor(s) making it especially vulnerable to extinction. Typically 5 or fewer occurrences or very few remaining individuals (<1,000) ⚘ Subspecies or variety is vulnerable: Either very rare and local throughout its range, found only in a restricted range (even if abundant at some locations), or factors are making it vulnerable to extinction. Typically 21 to 100 occurrences or between 3,000 and 10,000 individuals. ⚘ Secure: At very low or no risk of extinction in the jurisdiction due to a very extensive range, abundant populations or occurrences, with little to no concern from declines or threats. ⚘

California Four O’Clock: A Rare Native Beauty for Your Garden

Meet the California four o’clock (Mirabilis laevis var. crassifolia), a charming native perennial that’s been quietly thriving in California’s landscapes long before any of us started thinking about xeriscaping or native plant gardening. This little-known variety of the four o’clock family offers gardeners a chance to grow something truly special – though you’ll want to approach it with care and respect for its conservation status.

What Makes This Plant Special?

The California four o’clock is a true California native, belonging exclusively to the Golden State’s diverse plant community. As a perennial member of the Nyctaginaceae family, this plant represents thousands of years of adaptation to California’s unique climate and growing conditions.

This variety is also known by the botanical synonyms Mirabilis californica var. cordifolia and Mirabilis laevis var. cordifolia in older references, so don’t be confused if you see these names in plant databases or older gardening resources.

Size and Growth Habits

Don’t expect this four o’clock to tower over your garden – it’s beautifully modest in stature. This low-growing shrub typically stays under 1.5 feet tall and never exceeds 3 feet at full maturity. Its compact, spreading growth habit makes it perfect for gardeners who want native character without overwhelming their space.

Where It Grows Wild

The California four o’clock calls only California home, making it a true Golden State endemic. You won’t find this particular variety anywhere else in the world naturally – it’s as Californian as redwoods and golden poppies.

A Word About Rarity

Here’s something important every responsible gardener should know: this plant has a Global Conservation Status of S5T1T3, which indicates some level of conservation concern. While this doesn’t mean you can’t grow it, it does mean you should be thoughtful about how you source your plants.

If you decide to add this native beauty to your garden, please only purchase from reputable native plant nurseries that propagate their plants responsibly. Never collect plants or seeds from wild populations – this helps ensure future generations can enjoy these special California natives in their natural habitats.

Growing Conditions and Care

Unfortunately, specific growing requirements for this particular variety are not well-documented in readily available sources. However, as a California native adapted to the state’s Mediterranean climate, it likely appreciates:

  • Well-draining soil
  • Minimal summer water once established
  • Full sun to partial shade
  • Protection from harsh winds

Like most California natives, it probably performs best when allowed to follow the state’s natural rainfall patterns – more water in winter and spring, with drier conditions in summer and fall.

Is This Plant Right for Your Garden?

The California four o’clock could be perfect for gardeners who:

  • Want to grow truly rare and special California natives
  • Appreciate compact, low-growing plants
  • Are committed to responsible sourcing and conservation
  • Have space in their native plant collection for something unique

However, you might want to consider other options if you’re looking for a well-documented plant with readily available growing information, or if you need something that’s easily sourced from multiple nurseries.

The Bottom Line

Growing Mirabilis laevis var. crassifolia is as much about conservation as it is about gardening. This rare California native offers dedicated native plant enthusiasts a chance to help preserve a unique piece of the state’s botanical heritage right in their own backyard. Just remember to source responsibly and be patient as you learn its preferences – sometimes the rarest plants are the most rewarding to grow.

If you’re interested in adding this special four o’clock to your collection, contact California native plant societies or specialized native nurseries. They can help connect you with responsibly propagated plants and share any additional growing tips specific to your region.

California Four O’clock

Classification

Group

Dicot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons

Subclass

Caryophyllidae

Order

Caryophyllales

Family

Nyctaginaceae Juss. - Four o'clock family

Genus

Mirabilis L. - four o'clock

Species

Mirabilis laevis (Benth.) Curran - desert wishbone-bush

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA