North America Native Plant

California Four O’clock

Botanical name: Mirabilis laevis var. cedrosensis

USDA symbol: MILAC2

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: subshrub

Native status: Native to the lower 48 states  

Synonyms: Hesperonia cedrosensis Standl. (HECE3)  âš˜  Mirabilis californica A. Gray var. cedrosensis (Standl.) J.F. Macbr. (MICAC)   

California Four O’Clock: A Rare Native Gem Worth Knowing Meet the California four o’clock (Mirabilis laevis var. cedrosensis), a charming native perennial that’s as intriguing as its name suggests. This low-growing shrub brings a touch of wild California beauty to gardens, though finding one might be quite the treasure hunt! ...

Rare plant alert!

Region: Conservation status by state

Status: S5T3T4: Status is uncertain but is somewhere between the following rankings: Subspecies or variety is vulnerable: Either very rare and local throughout its range, found only in a restricted range (even if abundant at some locations), or factors are making it vulnerable to extinction. Typically 21 to 100 occurrences or between 3,000 and 10,000 individuals. ⚘ Subspecies or varieties is apparently secure: Uncommon but not rare, and usually widespread. Possibly cause for longterm concern. Typically more than 100 occurrences in the region or more than 10,000 individuals ⚘ Secure: At very low or no risk of extinction in the jurisdiction due to a very extensive range, abundant populations or occurrences, with little to no concern from declines or threats. ⚘

California Four O’Clock: A Rare Native Gem Worth Knowing

Meet the California four o’clock (Mirabilis laevis var. cedrosensis), a charming native perennial that’s as intriguing as its name suggests. This low-growing shrub brings a touch of wild California beauty to gardens, though finding one might be quite the treasure hunt!

What Makes This Plant Special

The California four o’clock is a compact, perennial shrub that stays delightfully manageable in size. True to its modest nature, this little beauty typically grows under 1.5 feet tall and never exceeds 3 feet at maturity. It’s the kind of plant that knows how to make a statement without taking over your entire garden bed.

You might occasionally see this plant listed under its scientific synonyms, including Hesperonia cedrosensis or Mirabilis californica var. cedrosensis, but don’t let the multiple names confuse you – it’s the same wonderful plant.

Where It Calls Home

This native beauty is found naturally in California, making it a true Golden State original. As a plant species native to the lower 48 states, it has earned its place in the tapestry of American flora.

A Word About Rarity

Here’s where things get interesting – and a bit concerning. The California four o’clock carries a Global Conservation Status of S5T3T4, indicating some level of conservation concern. If you’re lucky enough to find this plant available, make absolutely sure you’re purchasing from a reputable source that propagates their own stock rather than wild-collecting. Responsible gardening means protecting our rare native treasures for future generations.

Garden Design Potential

While specific growing information for this particular variety is limited, four o’clocks in general are known for their adaptability and charm. The compact size of California four o’clock makes it perfect for:

  • Rock gardens and xeriscapes
  • Native plant borders
  • Small space gardens
  • Naturalized landscape areas

Growing Your California Four O’Clock

Unfortunately, detailed growing information specific to this variety is quite limited, which speaks to just how uncommon it is in cultivation. However, based on its four o’clock family traits, it likely appreciates:

  • Well-draining soil
  • Full sun to partial shade
  • Minimal water once established
  • Protection from harsh winter conditions in colder climates

The Reality Check

Let’s be honest – finding Mirabilis laevis var. cedrosensis for your garden will probably be like searching for a needle in a haystack. This isn’t your typical garden center find, and that’s actually part of what makes it so special. If you’re passionate about rare natives and have connections with specialized native plant societies or botanical institutions, you might have better luck.

In the meantime, consider exploring other Mirabilis species that might be more readily available, such as the desert four o’clock (Mirabilis multiflora) or Colorado four o’clock (Mirabilis nyctaginea). These relatives can give you a taste of the four o’clock magic while you continue your quest for the California variety.

The Bottom Line

The California four o’clock represents something precious in the gardening world – a rare native that connects us to California’s unique natural heritage. While it may not be the easiest plant to find or grow, it serves as a reminder of the incredible diversity hiding in our native flora. Whether you’re able to grow it yourself or simply appreciate it from afar, this little shrub deserves recognition as a true California treasure.

Remember, the best way to support rare plants like this one is through conservation efforts, habitat protection, and responsible gardening practices. Sometimes the plants we can’t easily have are the ones that teach us the most about respecting and protecting our natural world.

California Four O’clock

Classification

Group

Dicot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons

Subclass

Caryophyllidae

Order

Caryophyllales

Family

Nyctaginaceae Juss. - Four o'clock family

Genus

Mirabilis L. - four o'clock

Species

Mirabilis laevis (Benth.) Curran - desert wishbone-bush

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA