North America Native Plant

Cakalaka Berry

Botanical name: Solanum polygamum

USDA symbol: SOPO

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: subshrub

Native status: Native to Puerto Rico âš˜ Native to the U.S. Virgin Islands  

Cakalaka Berry: A Rare Caribbean Native Worth Protecting Meet the cakalaka berry (Solanum polygamum), a little-known shrub that calls the tropical paradise of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands home. While you might not find this plant at your local nursery, it’s a fascinating piece of Caribbean botanical heritage ...

Rare plant alert!

Region: Conservation status by state

Status: S3: Status is uncertain but is somewhere between the following rankings: Vulnerable: Either very rare and local throughout its range, found only in a restricted range (even if abundant at some locations), or factors are making it vulnerable to extinction. Typically 21 to 100 occurrences or between 3,000 and 10,000 individuals ⚘

Cakalaka Berry: A Rare Caribbean Native Worth Protecting

Meet the cakalaka berry (Solanum polygamum), a little-known shrub that calls the tropical paradise of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands home. While you might not find this plant at your local nursery, it’s a fascinating piece of Caribbean botanical heritage that deserves our attention and protection.

Where You’ll Find This Caribbean Gem

The cakalaka berry is exclusively native to Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands, making it a true regional treasure. This perennial shrub has adapted to life in these tropical island environments over countless generations, becoming an integral part of the local ecosystem.

What Makes Cakalaka Berry Special

As a member of the Solanum family (think tomatoes and eggplants), this perennial shrub typically grows as a multi-stemmed woody plant. Like most shrubs, it usually stays under 13-16 feet tall, with several stems emerging from near the ground level. Under just the right conditions, it might surprise you by growing taller or developing a single main stem.

A Plant in Need of Protection

Here’s where things get serious: the cakalaka berry has a Global Conservation Status of S3, meaning it’s considered vulnerable. This classification indicates the species is rare throughout its range, with typically only 21 to 100 known occurrences or between 3,000 and 10,000 individual plants remaining. That makes it pretty special – and pretty precious.

Should You Grow Cakalaka Berry?

If you’re lucky enough to live in Puerto Rico or the U.S. Virgin Islands, supporting native plants like the cakalaka berry can be incredibly valuable for local ecosystems. However, given its vulnerable status, there are some important considerations:

  • Only source plants from reputable native plant nurseries that propagate responsibly
  • Never collect plants from the wild – this could harm already fragile populations
  • Consider it a conservation effort rather than just a garden addition
  • Connect with local botanical gardens or conservation groups for guidance

The Reality Check

Here’s the honest truth: detailed growing information for cakalaka berry is limited. This isn’t your typical garden center plant with well-documented care instructions. As a rare native species, it hasn’t been extensively studied for horticultural purposes. What we do know is that it’s evolved to thrive in Caribbean conditions, but specific details about soil preferences, water needs, and care requirements aren’t widely available.

Supporting Caribbean Native Plants

If you’re passionate about native Caribbean flora but cakalaka berry isn’t accessible, consider exploring other native Solanum species or working with local conservation organizations. Many islands have native plant societies that focus on preserving and propagating rare species like this one.

The cakalaka berry represents the unique botanical heritage of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands. While it may not be the easiest plant to grow in your garden, supporting its conservation and learning about rare native species helps us appreciate the incredible diversity of island ecosystems. Sometimes the most valuable plants are the ones we help protect rather than the ones we plant.

Cakalaka Berry

Classification

Group

Dicot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons

Subclass

Asteridae

Order

Solanales

Family

Solanaceae Juss. - Potato family

Genus

Solanum L. - nightshade

Species

Solanum polygamum Vahl - cakalaka berry

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA