North America Native Plant

Byssoloma Marginatum

Botanical name: Byssoloma marginatum

USDA symbol: BYMA

Habit: lichen

Native status: Native to North America  

Understanding Byssoloma marginatum: The Mysterious Lichen in Your Garden Have you ever noticed crusty, grayish patches growing on tree bark in your yard and wondered what they were? You might have encountered Byssoloma marginatum, a fascinating lichen that’s native to North America. Before you start planning where to plant it ...

Understanding Byssoloma marginatum: The Mysterious Lichen in Your Garden

Have you ever noticed crusty, grayish patches growing on tree bark in your yard and wondered what they were? You might have encountered Byssoloma marginatum, a fascinating lichen that’s native to North America. Before you start planning where to plant it in your garden, though, let’s clear up a common misconception: this isn’t actually a plant you can grow!

What Exactly is Byssoloma marginatum?

Byssoloma marginatum is a lichen – a remarkable organism that’s actually two life forms living together in perfect harmony. It’s made up of a fungus and an algae (or sometimes cyanobacteria) that have formed a mutually beneficial partnership. The fungus provides structure and protection, while the algae produces food through photosynthesis. Pretty amazing, right?

This particular lichen is native to North America and can be found growing naturally on tree bark and wooden surfaces throughout temperate regions of the continent.

How to Identify This Garden Visitor

Spotting Byssoloma marginatum is easier once you know what to look for:

  • Forms crusty, patch-like growths on bark and wood
  • Typically grayish in color
  • Has distinct, well-defined margins (edges) – which is actually where its name marginatum comes from
  • Creates flat, spreading colonies on its host surface
  • Prefers the bark of various tree species

Is This Lichen Beneficial for Your Garden?

The short answer is absolutely! While you can’t plant or cultivate Byssoloma marginatum (lichens simply don’t work that way), having it show up naturally in your garden is actually a wonderful sign:

  • Air quality indicator: Lichens are incredibly sensitive to air pollution, so their presence indicates you have relatively clean air
  • Ecosystem support: They provide habitat and food for various small creatures
  • No harm to trees: Despite growing on bark, lichens don’t damage or parasitize trees – they’re just using the bark as a place to live
  • Natural beauty: They add subtle texture and interest to tree trunks and wooden garden structures

Why You Can’t Grow Lichens (And Why That’s Okay)

Unlike traditional garden plants, lichens can’t be planted, watered, or fertilized. They’re incredibly slow-growing and have very specific requirements for air quality, moisture, and substrate that are nearly impossible to replicate artificially. They appear when conditions are just right, and trying to force them to grow usually ends in disappointment.

Instead of trying to cultivate lichens, the best approach is to create conditions that welcome them naturally:

  • Maintain good air quality around your property
  • Avoid using harsh chemicals or pressure washing on trees and wooden structures
  • Keep some mature trees and natural wooden elements in your landscape
  • Be patient – lichens can take years or even decades to establish

Appreciating Natural Processes

Finding Byssoloma marginatum in your garden is like receiving a certificate of environmental health. These remarkable organisms remind us that some of the most interesting aspects of our gardens develop naturally over time, without any help from us gardeners.

Rather than trying to control every aspect of your landscape, consider embracing these natural colonizers as part of your garden’s unique ecosystem. They’re doing their part to keep the air clean and support biodiversity – and they’re doing it all for free!

So the next time you spot those crusty gray patches with distinct edges on your trees, take a moment to appreciate the complex biological partnership you’re witnessing. Byssoloma marginatum may not be the showiest garden resident, but it’s certainly one of the most fascinating.

Byssoloma Marginatum

Classification

Group

Lichen

Kingdom

Fungi - Fungi

Subkingdom
Superdivision
Division

Ascomycota - Sac fungi

Subdivision
Class

Ascomycetes

Subclass
Order

Lecanorales

Family

Pilocarpaceae Zahlbr.

Genus

Byssoloma Trevis. - byssoloma lichen

Species

Byssoloma marginatum (Arnold) Serus.

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA