Bulbous Adderstongue: A Mysterious Native Fern of the Southeast
Meet one of the most elusive native plants in the American Southeast: the bulbous adderstongue (Ophioglossum crotalophoroides var. nanum). This tiny perennial fern is so uncommon that most gardeners have never heard of it, let alone seen one in the wild. But for those lucky enough to encounter this botanical treasure, it’s a fascinating glimpse into the hidden world of our native flora.
What Exactly Is Bulbous Adderstongue?
The bulbous adderstongue belongs to the ancient Ophioglossum genus, commonly known as adder’s-tongue ferns. These aren’t your typical leafy garden ferns – they’re among the most primitive ferns on Earth, with a growth pattern that’s remained virtually unchanged for millions of years. Unlike the familiar fronds of most ferns, adder’s-tongue species produce a simple, often solitary leaf alongside a distinctive spore-bearing spike that gives the plant its serpentine common name.
As a forb, this perennial plant lacks significant woody tissue and maintains its growing points at or below ground level, helping it survive harsh conditions year after year.
Where You’ll Find This Rare Native
The bulbous adderstongue is native to the United States, but don’t expect to stumble across it on your next nature walk. This variety has been documented only in Alabama and Florida, making it one of the most geographically restricted native plants in the country.
Is It Beneficial to Gardens?
Here’s where things get complicated. While bulbous adderstongue is undoubtedly a fascinating native species, it’s not really suited for typical garden cultivation. These plants have very specific habitat requirements and ecological relationships that are difficult to replicate in home gardens. They’re more of a conservation concern than a gardening opportunity.
For most gardeners interested in supporting native ecosystems, focusing on more readily available native ferns and wildflowers will have a much greater positive impact on local wildlife and pollinators.
How to Identify Bulbous Adderstongue
If you’re exploring natural areas in Alabama or Florida and suspect you’ve found this rare plant, here’s what to look for:
- A small, inconspicuous plant that’s easy to overlook
- Simple, undivided leaves rather than the typical divided fern fronds
- A distinctive spore-bearing spike that emerges separately from the leaf
- Low-growing habit that keeps the plant close to the ground
- Perennial growth pattern, returning year after year from underground structures
A Plant for Conservation, Not Cultivation
The rarity and specialized needs of bulbous adderstongue make it unsuitable for home gardens. If you’re interested in supporting native plant conservation, consider volunteering with local botanical societies or native plant groups who may be involved in monitoring and protecting rare species like this one.
For gardeners wanting to incorporate native ferns into their landscapes, there are many more suitable options that are both easier to grow and more beneficial to local ecosystems. Consider native species like Christmas fern, royal fern, or cinnamon fern, which provide excellent habitat for wildlife while being much more adaptable to garden conditions.
The Bottom Line
Bulbous adderstongue represents the incredible diversity of native plants that call our country home, even if most of us will never see one in person. While it’s not destined for garden stardom, appreciating plants like this reminds us of the complex web of life that exists in our natural areas – and why protecting these habitats is so important for preserving our botanical heritage.
