North America Native Plant

Black-sage

Botanical name: Cordia polycephala

USDA symbol: COPO3

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: vine

Native status: Native to Puerto Rico âš˜ Native to the U.S. Virgin Islands  

Synonyms: Varronia corymbosa (L.) Desv. (VACO5)   

Black-Sage: A Charming Native Shrub for Caribbean Gardens If you’re gardening in Puerto Rico or the U.S. Virgin Islands and looking for a reliable, beautiful native shrub, let me introduce you to black-sage (Cordia polycephala). This delightful Caribbean native might just become your new favorite landscaping companion! What is Black-Sage? ...

Black-Sage: A Charming Native Shrub for Caribbean Gardens

If you’re gardening in Puerto Rico or the U.S. Virgin Islands and looking for a reliable, beautiful native shrub, let me introduce you to black-sage (Cordia polycephala). This delightful Caribbean native might just become your new favorite landscaping companion!

What is Black-Sage?

Black-sage is a perennial shrub that’s perfectly at home in the tropical climate of the Caribbean. As a multi-stemmed woody plant, it typically grows to a manageable height of 13-16 feet, though it can stay smaller depending on growing conditions. Don’t let the name fool you – this isn’t actually a sage at all, but rather a member of the borage family with its own unique charm.

Where Does Black-Sage Call Home?

This lovely shrub is native to Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands, making it a fantastic choice for gardeners in these areas who want to support local ecosystems. When you plant native species like black-sage, you’re not just adding beauty to your landscape – you’re also supporting the plants that belong in your region.

Why You’ll Love Black-Sage in Your Garden

There are plenty of reasons to fall for this Caribbean beauty:

  • Year-round appeal: As an evergreen shrub, black-sage provides consistent structure and foliage throughout the year
  • Lovely flowers: Clusters of small white or cream-colored flowers add delicate beauty to the landscape
  • Pollinator magnet: Those charming flowers attract bees and other beneficial pollinators to your garden
  • Low maintenance: Once established, this tough native requires minimal care
  • Coastal friendly: Black-sage tolerates salt spray, making it perfect for seaside gardens
  • Drought tolerant: After it settles in, this shrub can handle dry spells like a champ

Perfect Spots for Black-Sage

Black-sage fits beautifully into several garden styles:

  • Native plant gardens where you want to showcase regional flora
  • Tropical and subtropical landscapes needing reliable evergreen structure
  • Coastal gardens where salt tolerance is essential
  • Low-maintenance landscapes where you want beauty without fuss

Growing Black-Sage Successfully

Climate Requirements

Black-sage thrives in USDA hardiness zones 10-11, so it’s really only suitable for truly tropical and subtropical climates. If you’re outside these zones, this beauty won’t survive your winters.

Light and Soil Needs

Give your black-sage a spot with full sun to partial shade – it’s quite adaptable! The most important thing is well-draining soil. This shrub doesn’t like to have wet feet, so make sure water can move through the soil easily.

Planting and Care Tips

Getting your black-sage off to a good start is pretty straightforward:

  • Planting: Dig a hole as deep as the root ball and twice as wide, then backfill with native soil
  • Initial watering: Water regularly during the first growing season to help roots establish
  • Ongoing care: Once established, this drought-tolerant native needs very little intervention
  • Pruning: Shape as needed, but black-sage naturally maintains a nice form
  • Fertilizing: Generally unnecessary for this adapted native – it’s used to local soil conditions

The Bottom Line

If you’re gardening in Puerto Rico or the U.S. Virgin Islands, black-sage deserves a spot on your plant wish list. This native shrub offers year-round beauty, supports local pollinators, and requires minimal fuss once established. Plus, there’s something deeply satisfying about growing plants that truly belong in your landscape – they just seem to thrive with less effort and look more natural in their surroundings.

Whether you’re creating a native plant showcase or simply want a reliable, attractive shrub for your tropical garden, black-sage might just be the perfect addition you’ve been looking for!

Black-sage

Classification

Group

Dicot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons

Subclass

Asteridae

Order

Lamiales

Family

Boraginaceae Juss. - Borage family

Genus

Cordia L. - cordia

Species

Cordia polycephala (Lam.) I.M. Johnst. - black-sage

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA