North America Native Plant

Birdcage Evening Primrose

Botanical name: Oenothera deltoides ambigua

USDA symbol: OEDEA

Life cycle: annual

Habit: forb

Native status: Native to the lower 48 states  

Synonyms: Oenothera deltoides Torr. & Frém. var. decumbens (S. Watson) Munz (OEDED3)   

Birdcage Evening Primrose: A Delightful Desert Native for Your Garden If you’re looking for a charming annual that brings evening magic to your desert garden, meet the birdcage evening primrose. This delightful native wildflower gets its whimsical name from the distinctive cage-like seed pods it produces after blooming, making it ...

Rare plant alert!

Region: Conservation status by state

Status: S5T3?: Status is uncertain but is somewhere between the following rankings: Inexact rank: ⚘ Subspecies or variety is vulnerable: Either very rare and local throughout its range, found only in a restricted range (even if abundant at some locations), or factors are making it vulnerable to extinction. Typically 21 to 100 occurrences or between 3,000 and 10,000 individuals. ⚘ Secure: At very low or no risk of extinction in the jurisdiction due to a very extensive range, abundant populations or occurrences, with little to no concern from declines or threats. ⚘

Birdcage Evening Primrose: A Delightful Desert Native for Your Garden

If you’re looking for a charming annual that brings evening magic to your desert garden, meet the birdcage evening primrose. This delightful native wildflower gets its whimsical name from the distinctive cage-like seed pods it produces after blooming, making it both a beautiful flowering plant and an interesting architectural element in the landscape.

What Makes Birdcage Evening Primrose Special?

Scientifically known as Oenothera deltoides ambigua, this native forb is a true child of the American Southwest. As an annual plant, it completes its entire life cycle in one growing season, but what a spectacular show it puts on! The plant produces lovely white, four-petaled flowers that open in the evening hours, releasing a sweet fragrance that attracts night-flying moths and other nocturnal pollinators.

What really sets this evening primrose apart is what happens after the flowers fade. The plant develops intricate, cage-like seed structures that look almost like tiny works of art scattered across the ground. These birdcages give the plant its common name and provide winter interest long after the blooming season ends.

Where Does It Call Home?

This desert beauty is native to the southwestern United States, naturally occurring in Arizona, Nevada, and Utah. It thrives in the harsh conditions of desert environments, making it perfectly adapted to hot, dry climates and poor soils that would challenge many other garden plants.

Why Grow Birdcage Evening Primrose?

There are several compelling reasons to consider adding this native annual to your garden:

  • It’s incredibly drought-tolerant once established
  • The evening-blooming flowers create a magical nighttime garden experience
  • It supports native pollinators, especially night-flying moths
  • The unique seed pods add architectural interest to the winter garden
  • It’s perfect for xeriscaping and water-wise gardening
  • As a native plant, it supports local ecosystems

Perfect Garden Settings

Birdcage evening primrose shines in specific garden styles and situations. It’s absolutely perfect for desert gardens, rock gardens, and xeriscaping projects. The low-growing nature of this forb makes it an excellent choice for ground cover in areas where you want something interesting but not overwhelming. It also works beautifully in native plant gardens and naturalized areas where you’re trying to recreate the look of the natural desert landscape.

Growing Conditions and Care

One of the best things about this desert native is how easy it is to grow – as long as you give it what it naturally craves. Here’s what birdcage evening primrose needs to thrive:

  • Sunlight: Full sun is essential for best flowering
  • Soil: Well-draining, sandy or rocky soil; it actually prefers poor soils
  • Water: Drought-tolerant once established; minimal supplemental watering needed
  • Climate: Best suited for USDA hardiness zones 8-10

Planting and Care Tips

Growing birdcage evening primrose is refreshingly simple. Since it’s an annual, you’ll need to start from seed each year. The best time to plant is in fall, which allows the seeds to experience the natural cold period they need and germinate with spring warmth.

Simply scatter seeds directly in your garden where you want them to grow – no need for fancy seed starting indoors. The seeds are quite small, so a light covering of soil or just pressing them into the surface works well. Once they germinate, resist the urge to pamper them with too much water or fertilizer. Remember, this is a desert plant that actually thrives on neglect!

A Note About Conservation

While birdcage evening primrose isn’t considered endangered, its conservation status is somewhat uncertain. This makes it even more important to grow and appreciate native plants like this one in our gardens, helping to maintain genetic diversity and providing habitat for the creatures that depend on them.

The Bottom Line

If you live in a suitable climate and want to add a touch of desert magic to your garden, birdcage evening primrose is hard to beat. It’s low-maintenance, water-wise, supports pollinators, and offers unique beauty both in bloom and in its distinctive seed stage. Plus, there’s something deeply satisfying about growing a plant that’s perfectly adapted to your local environment – it just feels right, and your garden ecosystem will thank you for it.

Birdcage Evening Primrose

Classification

Group

Dicot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons

Subclass

Rosidae

Order

Myrtales

Family

Onagraceae Juss. - Evening Primrose family

Genus

Oenothera L. - evening primrose

Species

Oenothera deltoides Torr. & Frém. - birdcage evening primrose

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA