North America Native Plant

Bigseed Alfalfa Dodder

Botanical name: Cuscuta indecora var. bifida

USDA symbol: CUINB

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: vine

Native status: Native to the lower 48 states  

Bigseed Alfalfa Dodder: A Rare Parasitic Native You Shouldn’t Plant Meet one of nature’s most unusual characters: the bigseed alfalfa dodder (Cuscuta indecora var. bifida). This fascinating but problematic native plant is definitely not your typical garden addition, and there are several compelling reasons why you’ll want to admire it ...

Rare plant alert!

Region: Conservation status by state

Status: S5T1T3Q: Status is uncertain but is somewhere between the following rankings: Uncertain taxonomy: ⚘ Subspecies or variety is critically Imperiled: Extremely rare due to factor(s) making it especially vulnerable to extinction. Typically 5 or fewer occurrences or very few remaining individuals (<1,000) ⚘ Subspecies or variety is vulnerable: Either very rare and local throughout its range, found only in a restricted range (even if abundant at some locations), or factors are making it vulnerable to extinction. Typically 21 to 100 occurrences or between 3,000 and 10,000 individuals. ⚘ Secure: At very low or no risk of extinction in the jurisdiction due to a very extensive range, abundant populations or occurrences, with little to no concern from declines or threats. ⚘

Bigseed Alfalfa Dodder: A Rare Parasitic Native You Shouldn’t Plant

Meet one of nature’s most unusual characters: the bigseed alfalfa dodder (Cuscuta indecora var. bifida). This fascinating but problematic native plant is definitely not your typical garden addition, and there are several compelling reasons why you’ll want to admire it from afar rather than invite it into your landscape.

What Makes This Plant So Special (and Concerning)

The bigseed alfalfa dodder is a perennial herbaceous plant that’s native to the lower 48 states, though it’s specifically documented in Nevada. What makes this plant truly unique is its parasitic lifestyle – it’s essentially nature’s version of a botanical vampire, living entirely off other plants rather than producing its own food through photosynthesis.

This dodder appears as thin, thread-like orange or yellow stems that wrap around and penetrate host plants, particularly legumes like alfalfa. Without any true leaves or roots of its own, it forms tangled masses that can completely cover its unfortunate hosts.

Why You Shouldn’t Plant Bigseed Alfalfa Dodder

Here are the key reasons to steer clear of this native species:

  • Rarity concerns: This variety has a conservation status that indicates it may be rare or of conservation concern, making it inappropriate for general cultivation
  • Parasitic behavior: It will attack and potentially kill other plants in your garden, particularly legumes and related species
  • Difficult to control: Once established, dodders can be nearly impossible to remove and will spread to neighboring plants
  • No ornamental value: Unlike other native plants that offer beauty and ecological benefits, dodders provide little aesthetic appeal

Ecological Role and Identification

In its natural habitat, the bigseed alfalfa dodder plays a role in plant community dynamics, though it’s often considered more of a natural pest than a beneficial species. The plant produces small, clustered white flowers that may provide some minor benefits to tiny insects, but these benefits are far outweighed by its negative impacts on plant communities.

You can identify this species by its:

  • Thin, orange to yellow thread-like stems
  • Complete lack of normal leaves
  • Tangled, web-like growth pattern over host plants
  • Small white flower clusters
  • Preference for legume hosts

Better Native Alternatives

Instead of planting this problematic species, consider these beneficial Nevada natives that actually enhance your garden:

  • Desert marigold for cheerful yellow blooms
  • Penstemon species for colorful flowers and pollinator support
  • Native bunch grasses for texture and wildlife habitat
  • Sagebrush species for aromatic foliage and ecosystem support

What to Do If You Find It

If you discover bigseed alfalfa dodder in your area, it’s best to:

  • Document the location for local botanists or conservation groups
  • Avoid disturbing the area if possible
  • Contact local extension offices for guidance on management
  • Never attempt to transplant or propagate the species

While the bigseed alfalfa dodder is undeniably fascinating from a botanical perspective, it’s definitely a plant to appreciate in nature rather than cultivate in gardens. Its rarity status and parasitic lifestyle make it unsuitable for home landscapes, and there are plenty of other native species that can provide the beauty and ecological benefits you’re looking for without the headaches this dodder would bring.

Bigseed Alfalfa Dodder

Classification

Group

Dicot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons

Subclass

Asteridae

Order

Solanales

Family

Cuscutaceae Dumort. - Dodder family

Genus

Cuscuta L. - dodder

Species

Cuscuta indecora Choisy - bigseed alfalfa dodder

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA