North America Native Plant

Big Deervetch

Botanical name: Lotus crassifolius

USDA symbol: LOCR

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: forb

Native status: Native to the lower 48 states  

Big Deervetch: A Pacific Coast Native Worth Growing If you’re looking to add a touch of sunshine to your West Coast native garden, big deervetch (Lotus crassifolius) might just be the cheerful yellow bloomer you’ve been searching for. This underappreciated Pacific Coast native brings both beauty and ecological benefits to ...

Big Deervetch: A Pacific Coast Native Worth Growing

If you’re looking to add a touch of sunshine to your West Coast native garden, big deervetch (Lotus crassifolius) might just be the cheerful yellow bloomer you’ve been searching for. This underappreciated Pacific Coast native brings both beauty and ecological benefits to the right garden setting.

What is Big Deervetch?

Big deervetch is a perennial forb native to California, Oregon, and Washington. As a member of the pea family (Fabaceae), this herbaceous plant lacks woody stems but makes up for it with its reliable perennial nature and attractive yellow flowers. Growing up to 3.5 feet tall in an upright, single-crown form, it’s a substantial addition to any native plant collection.

This native beauty is found throughout the Pacific Coast states, where it has adapted to the region’s unique climate patterns and soil conditions.

Why Grow Big Deervetch?

There are several compelling reasons to consider adding big deervetch to your landscape:

  • Native credentials: As a true Pacific Coast native, it supports local ecosystems and requires less water and maintenance than non-native alternatives
  • Nitrogen fixing: Like other legumes, it helps improve soil fertility naturally
  • Pollinator friendly: Its conspicuous yellow flowers bloom in late spring, providing nectar and pollen for native bees and other beneficial insects
  • Low maintenance: Once established, it has a moderate growth rate and long lifespan
  • Seasonal interest: The gray-green foliage provides attractive texture, and the bright yellow blooms add cheerful color

Where Does Big Deervetch Thrive?

This plant is best suited for naturalized areas, meadow gardens, and restoration projects rather than formal landscapes. It works beautifully in:

  • Native plant gardens
  • Prairie and meadow plantings
  • Wildlife habitat areas
  • Restoration sites
  • Areas where you want to reduce maintenance while supporting local ecology

Growing Conditions and Care

Big deervetch has specific preferences that reflect its Pacific Coast origins:

Soil Requirements

  • Prefers fine to medium textured soils
  • pH between 6.0-7.5 (slightly acidic to neutral)
  • Good drainage is important
  • Medium fertility needs

Climate Needs

  • USDA hardiness zones 9-10
  • Requires at least 145 frost-free days
  • Minimum temperature tolerance around -3°F
  • Prefers 14-24 inches of annual precipitation

Light and Water

  • Full sun (shade intolerant)
  • Medium moisture requirements
  • Low drought tolerance, so consistent moisture is important

Planting and Propagation

Growing big deervetch from seed is your best bet, as it’s typically not available commercially as plants. Here’s what you need to know:

  • Seed starting: Seeds can be direct sown in spring
  • Seed quantity: Approximately 46,000 seeds per pound
  • Germination: Medium seedling vigor with moderate establishment
  • Growth rate: Moderate, so be patient as it establishes
  • Spread: Slow seed spread rate and no vegetative spreading

Maintenance and Long-term Care

Once established, big deervetch is relatively low-maintenance:

  • No pruning required after blooming
  • Foliage dies back in winter (no leaf retention)
  • Active growth period is spring and summer
  • Medium regrowth rate if cut back
  • Long-lived perennial with good longevity

Is Big Deervetch Right for Your Garden?

Big deervetch is an excellent choice if you’re gardening in the Pacific Coast region and want to support native ecosystems. It’s particularly valuable for gardeners interested in meadow-style plantings or restoration work. However, it may not be the best choice for formal gardens or areas where you need guaranteed commercial availability of plants.

Consider this native charmer if you have the right growing conditions and appreciate plants that work quietly behind the scenes to support local wildlife while adding their own subtle beauty to the landscape. With its nitrogen-fixing abilities and pollinator appeal, big deervetch proves that sometimes the most valuable garden plants are the ones that give back to the ecosystem as much as they give to us.

How

Big Deervetch

Grows

Growing season

Spring and Summer

Lifespan

Long

Growth form & shape

Single Crown and Erect

Growth rate

Moderate

Height at 20 years
Maximum height

3.5

Foliage color

Gray-Green

Summer foliage density

Moderate

Winter foliage density

Porous

Foliage retention

No

Flowering

Yes

Flower color

Yellow

Fruit/seeds

No

Fruit/seed color

Brown

Allelopath

No

Nitrogen fixing

Low

Toxic

None

C:N Ratio

Low

Fire Resistant

No

Foliage Texture

Medium

Low-growing Grass

No

Resproutability

No

Coppice Ability

No

Bloat

None

Big Deervetch

Growing Conditions

Adapted to Coarse Soil

No

Adapted to Medium Soil

Yes

Adapted to Fine Soil

Yes

Anaerobic tolerance

None

CaCO₃ tolerance

High

Cold Stratification

No

Drought tolerance

Low

Nutrient requirement

Medium

Fire tolerance

Medium

Frost-free days minimum

145

Hedge tolerance

None

Moisture requirement

Medium

pH range

6.0 to 7.5

Plants per acre
Precipitation range (in)

14 to 24

Min root depth (in)

14

Salt tolerance

None

Shade tolerance

Intolerant

Min temperature (F)

-3

Cultivating

Big Deervetch

Flowering season

Late Spring

Commercial availability

No Known Source

Fruit/seed abundance

Medium

Fruit/seed season

Spring to Summer

Fruit/seed persistence

No

Propagated by bare root

No

Propagated by bulb

No

Propagated by container

No

Propagated by corm

No

Propagated by cuttings

No

Propagated by seed

Yes

Propagated by sod

No

Propagated by sprigs

No

Propagated by tubers

No

Seed per pound

46000

Seed spread rate

Slow

Seedling vigor

Medium

Small grain

No

Vegetative spread rate

None

Big Deervetch

Classification

Group

Dicot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons

Subclass

Rosidae

Order

Fabales

Family

Fabaceae Lindl. - Pea family

Genus

Lotus L. - trefoil

Species

Lotus crassifolius (Benth.) Greene - big deervetch

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA