North America Native Plant

Arrowleaf Sweet Coltsfoot

Botanical name: Petasites frigidus var. sagittatus

USDA symbol: PEFRS5

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: forb

Native status: Native to Alaska âš˜ Native to Canada âš˜ Native to the lower 48 states  

Synonyms: Petasites dentatus Blank. (PEDE19)  âš˜  Petasites sagittatus (Banks ex Pursh) A. Gray (PESA5)   

Arrowleaf Sweet Coltsfoot: A Hardy Native for Cold, Wet Gardens If you’re dealing with that perpetually soggy spot in your yard where most plants fear to tread, arrowleaf sweet coltsfoot (Petasites frigidus var. sagittatus) might just be your new best friend. This tough-as-nails native perennial thrives in conditions that would ...

Arrowleaf Sweet Coltsfoot: A Hardy Native for Cold, Wet Gardens

If you’re dealing with that perpetually soggy spot in your yard where most plants fear to tread, arrowleaf sweet coltsfoot (Petasites frigidus var. sagittatus) might just be your new best friend. This tough-as-nails native perennial thrives in conditions that would make other plants pack their bags and leave.

What Is Arrowleaf Sweet Coltsfoot?

Arrowleaf sweet coltsfoot is a native North American perennial forb that belongs to the sunflower family. Don’t let the fancy botanical name intimidate you – this plant is all about practical beauty. It’s a low-growing ground cover that reaches about 0.8 feet tall and spreads via underground rhizomes, making it perfect for naturalizing wet areas.

You might also encounter this plant listed under its synonyms Petasites dentatus or Petasites sagittatus, but they’re all referring to the same hardy little survivor.

Where Does It Call Home?

This northern beauty is native to some seriously cold places. You’ll find it naturally occurring across Alaska, most of Canada (including Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Ontario, Quebec, Saskatchewan, Yukon, Northwest Territories, Nunavut, and Labrador), and the northern United States including Colorado, Idaho, Michigan, Minnesota, Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Washington, Wisconsin, and Wyoming.

The Appeal Factor

In mid-spring, arrowleaf sweet coltsfoot puts on quite a show with conspicuous white flowers that brighten up dreary wet spots. The gray-green foliage has a coarse texture that adds interesting contrast to your garden palette. While it won’t win any beauty contests against flashier garden stars, it has a understated charm that’s perfect for naturalized settings.

Why You Might Want to Plant It

  • Thrives in wet conditions where other plants struggle
  • Extremely cold hardy (tolerates temperatures down to -38°F)
  • Native plant that supports local ecosystems
  • Low maintenance once established
  • Spreads to form natural ground cover
  • Early spring flowers provide seasonal interest

Why You Might Think Twice

  • Very specific growing requirements (high moisture, acidic soil)
  • Not commercially available from most sources
  • Limited to northern growing zones
  • Can spread aggressively in ideal conditions
  • Foliage dies back in winter

Growing Conditions and Care

Arrowleaf sweet coltsfoot is definitely a specialist plant with some non-negotiable requirements:

Soil and Moisture

This plant demands consistently moist to wet conditions – we’re talking high moisture use here. It prefers fine to medium-textured soils and absolutely insists on acidic conditions with a pH between 4.0 and 5.9. If your soil is alkaline, this isn’t your plant.

Light Requirements

It tolerates intermediate shade, making it perfect for woodland edges or areas under deciduous trees.

Climate Needs

Hardy in USDA zones 2-4, this plant needs at least 100 frost-free days and can handle annual precipitation ranging from 16 to 55 inches. It’s built for cold climates and won’t be happy in hot, southern gardens.

Planting and Propagation

Here’s where things get a bit challenging – arrowleaf sweet coltsfoot has no known commercial sources, so you’ll need to get creative:

  • Propagation by seed is possible (about 300,000 seeds per pound!)
  • Sprigs can also be used for propagation
  • Seeds are produced from spring through summer
  • Expect moderate growth and spread rates
  • Plant spacing should be 2,700-4,800 plants per acre for large installations

Garden Design Ideas

Arrowleaf sweet coltsfoot works best in:

  • Rain gardens and bioswales
  • Wet meadow restorations
  • Woodland edges with consistent moisture
  • Native plant gardens in northern climates
  • Areas near ponds, streams, or seasonal wetlands

The Bottom Line

Arrowleaf sweet coltsfoot isn’t for everyone or every garden. It’s a specialized native that excels in very specific conditions – namely cold, wet, acidic situations. If you have the right environment and can source the plant material, it’s an excellent choice for supporting native ecosystems and solving wet-soil challenges. However, if you’re looking for a widely available, versatile garden plant, you might want to consider other moisture-loving natives that are easier to find and grow.

For northern gardeners dealing with challenging wet spots, though, this tough little native might just be the perfect solution to turn a problem area into a thriving part of your landscape.

How

Arrowleaf Sweet Coltsfoot

Grows

Growing season

Spring and Summer

Lifespan

Moderate

Growth form & shape

Rhizomatous and Erect

Growth rate

Moderate

Height at 20 years
Maximum height

0.8

Foliage color

Gray-Green

Summer foliage density

Porous

Winter foliage density

Porous

Foliage retention

No

Flowering

Yes

Flower color

White

Fruit/seeds

Yes

Fruit/seed color

White

Allelopath

No

Nitrogen fixing

None

Toxic

None

C:N Ratio

Medium

Fire Resistant

No

Foliage Texture

Coarse

Low-growing Grass

No

Resproutability

No

Coppice Ability

No

Bloat

None

Arrowleaf Sweet Coltsfoot

Growing Conditions

Adapted to Coarse Soil

No

Adapted to Medium Soil

Yes

Adapted to Fine Soil

Yes

Anaerobic tolerance

High

CaCO₃ tolerance

None

Cold Stratification

No

Drought tolerance

None

Nutrient requirement

Medium

Fire tolerance

High

Frost-free days minimum

100

Hedge tolerance

None

Moisture requirement

High

pH range

4.0 to 5.9

Plants per acre

2700 to 4800

Precipitation range (in)

16 to 55

Min root depth (in)

10

Salt tolerance

None

Shade tolerance

Intermediate

Min temperature (F)

-38

Cultivating

Arrowleaf Sweet Coltsfoot

Flowering season

Mid Spring

Commercial availability

No Known Source

Fruit/seed abundance

Medium

Fruit/seed season

Spring to Summer

Fruit/seed persistence

Yes

Propagated by bare root

No

Propagated by bulb

No

Propagated by container

No

Propagated by corm

No

Propagated by cuttings

No

Propagated by seed

Yes

Propagated by sod

No

Propagated by sprigs

Yes

Propagated by tubers

No

Seed per pound

300000

Seed spread rate

Moderate

Seedling vigor

Medium

Small grain

No

Vegetative spread rate

Moderate

Arrowleaf Sweet Coltsfoot

Classification

Group

Dicot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons

Subclass

Asteridae

Order

Asterales

Family

Asteraceae Bercht. & J. Presl - Aster family

Genus

Petasites Mill. - butterbur

Species

Petasites frigidus (L.) Fr. - arctic sweet coltsfoot

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA