North America Native Plant

Arrowleaf Buckwheat

Botanical name: Eriogonum compositum var. lancifolium

USDA symbol: ERCOL

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: subshrub

Native status: Native to the lower 48 states  

Arrowleaf Buckwheat: A Hidden Gem for Pacific Northwest Gardens If you’re looking for a low-maintenance native perennial that thrives in tough conditions, arrowleaf buckwheat (Eriogonum compositum var. lancifolium) might just be your new best friend. This hardy little forb brings both beauty and ecological value to gardens while asking for ...

Arrowleaf Buckwheat: A Hidden Gem for Pacific Northwest Gardens

If you’re looking for a low-maintenance native perennial that thrives in tough conditions, arrowleaf buckwheat (Eriogonum compositum var. lancifolium) might just be your new best friend. This hardy little forb brings both beauty and ecological value to gardens while asking for very little in return.

What Makes Arrowleaf Buckwheat Special?

Arrowleaf buckwheat is a true Pacific Northwest native, naturally occurring in Washington state. As a perennial forb, it lacks woody stems but returns year after year with its distinctive arrow-shaped leaves and delicate flower clusters. The plant forms attractive basal rosettes topped with stems bearing clusters of small white to cream-colored flowers that create a cloud-like effect in the garden.

Where Does It Grow Naturally?

This native beauty calls Washington state home, where it has adapted to the region’s unique climate and growing conditions. Being a true regional native means it’s perfectly suited to local weather patterns and soil conditions.

Why Grow Arrowleaf Buckwheat in Your Garden?

There are plenty of compelling reasons to give this native plant a spot in your landscape:

  • Drought tolerance: Once established, it thrives with minimal water
  • Pollinator magnet: The flowers attract native bees, butterflies, and other beneficial insects
  • Low maintenance: Perfect for gardeners who want beauty without the fuss
  • Native plant benefits: Supports local ecosystems and wildlife
  • Unique texture: Arrow-shaped leaves add interesting foliage to plant combinations

Perfect Garden Spots for Arrowleaf Buckwheat

This versatile native shines in several garden settings:

  • Rock gardens: Its drought tolerance makes it ideal for rocky, well-draining spots
  • Xeriscapes: A natural choice for water-wise landscapes
  • Native plant gardens: Pairs beautifully with other Pacific Northwest natives
  • Ground cover: Forms attractive patches in challenging areas

Growing Conditions and Care

The beauty of arrowleaf buckwheat lies in its simplicity. This tough native asks for very little:

  • Sunlight: Thrives in full sun locations
  • Soil: Must have well-draining soil – this is non-negotiable!
  • Water: Drought tolerant once established; avoid overwatering
  • Hardiness: Well-adapted to Pacific Northwest conditions

Planting and Care Tips

Success with arrowleaf buckwheat comes down to getting the basics right:

  • Plant in spring after the last frost
  • Ensure excellent drainage – amend heavy soils with gravel or coarse sand if needed
  • Water regularly the first season to help establish roots
  • Once established, water sparingly or rely on natural rainfall
  • Avoid rich, fertile soils which can cause weak growth
  • Deadhead spent flowers to encourage more blooms or leave them for wildlife

Supporting Local Wildlife

By choosing arrowleaf buckwheat, you’re not just adding beauty to your garden – you’re creating habitat for local pollinators and other wildlife. The flowers provide nectar and pollen for native bees and butterflies, while the seeds may attract birds. As a native species, it supports the intricate web of relationships that local wildlife depends on.

Is Arrowleaf Buckwheat Right for Your Garden?

This native gem is perfect for gardeners who want to create sustainable, low-water landscapes that support local ecosystems. If you have a sunny spot with good drainage and want a plant that delivers beauty without demanding constant attention, arrowleaf buckwheat could be exactly what you’re looking for. Just remember – good drainage isn’t just preferred, it’s essential for this native’s success!

Arrowleaf Buckwheat

Classification

Group

Dicot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons

Subclass

Caryophyllidae

Order

Polygonales

Family

Polygonaceae Juss. - Buckwheat family

Genus

Eriogonum Michx. - buckwheat

Species

Eriogonum compositum Douglas ex Benth. - arrowleaf buckwheat

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA