North America Native Plant

Arrowhead Maiden Fern

Botanical name: Thelypteris hastata var. heterodoxa

USDA symbol: THHAH2

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: forb

Native status: Native to Puerto Rico  

Arrowhead Maiden Fern: A Rare Puerto Rican Native Worth Protecting If you’re fascinated by rare and unusual ferns, you might have stumbled across the intriguing arrowhead maiden fern (Thelypteris hastata var. heterodoxa). This lesser-known variety is a testament to the incredible plant diversity found in Puerto Rico’s unique ecosystems. What ...

Rare plant alert!

Region: Conservation status by state

Status: SNRT1: Status is uncertain but is somewhere between the following rankings: Subspecies or variety is critically Imperiled: Extremely rare due to factor(s) making it especially vulnerable to extinction. Typically 5 or fewer occurrences or very few remaining individuals (<1,000) ⚘ Subnational conservation status not yet assessed. ⚘

Arrowhead Maiden Fern: A Rare Puerto Rican Native Worth Protecting

If you’re fascinated by rare and unusual ferns, you might have stumbled across the intriguing arrowhead maiden fern (Thelypteris hastata var. heterodoxa). This lesser-known variety is a testament to the incredible plant diversity found in Puerto Rico’s unique ecosystems.

What Is the Arrowhead Maiden Fern?

The arrowhead maiden fern is a perennial fern that belongs to the Thelypteris genus, a group commonly known as maiden ferns or marsh ferns. As a variety of Thelypteris hastata, this plant represents a specialized form that has adapted to specific conditions in its native habitat.

Like other members of its genus, this fern reproduces through spores rather than flowers or seeds, making it quite different from the flowering plants that dominate most gardens.

Where Does It Come From?

This fern is native exclusively to Puerto Rico, where it has evolved to thrive in the island’s tropical conditions. Its limited geographic distribution makes it a true endemic species – you won’t find it growing wild anywhere else in the world.

A Plant Worth Protecting

Here’s something important every plant enthusiast should know: the arrowhead maiden fern has a Global Conservation Status of SNRT1. While this classification is somewhat undefined, it suggests this variety may be quite rare or potentially at risk in its native habitat.

This rarity status means that if you’re interested in growing this fern, it’s crucial to source it responsibly. Never collect plants from the wild, and only purchase from reputable nurseries that can guarantee their plants are ethically propagated.

Should You Grow It?

Given its rarity and limited availability, the arrowhead maiden fern isn’t your typical garden center find. If you’re lucky enough to locate responsibly sourced specimens, here are some considerations:

  • This fern is best suited for collectors and enthusiasts who appreciate rare plants
  • It requires tropical conditions similar to its native Puerto Rican habitat
  • Limited cultivation information is available, making it a challenge for novice gardeners
  • Growing it contributes to conservation efforts by maintaining the species in cultivation

Alternative Native Ferns

If you’re drawn to the idea of growing native ferns but can’t find this rare variety, consider exploring other native fern species from your own region. Every area has its own fascinating native ferns that are more readily available and better suited to local growing conditions.

For gardeners in tropical or subtropical zones, other Thelypteris species might offer similar appeal while being more sustainable choices for home gardens.

The Bottom Line

The arrowhead maiden fern represents the incredible diversity of Puerto Rico’s native flora. While its rarity makes it a challenging plant to grow, it serves as an important reminder of why protecting native plant habitats matters. If you do encounter this fern, appreciate it for what it is – a unique piece of Caribbean natural heritage that deserves our respect and protection.

Whether you’re a fern fanatic or simply curious about rare plants, the arrowhead maiden fern offers a glimpse into the specialized world of endemic species and the importance of conservation in our gardening practices.

Arrowhead Maiden Fern

Classification

Group

Fern

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision
Division

Pteridophyta - Ferns

Subdivision
Class

Filicopsida

Subclass
Order

Polypodiales

Family

Thelypteridaceae Ching ex Pic. Serm. - Marsh Fern family

Genus

Thelypteris Schmidel - maiden fern

Species

Thelypteris hastata (Fée) Proctor - arrowhead maiden fern

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA