North America Native Plant

Arnold Hawthorn

Botanical name: Crataegus ×anomala

USDA symbol: CRAN6

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: tree

Native status: Native to the lower 48 states  

Synonyms: Crataegus arnoldiana Sarg. (CRAR)   

Arnold Hawthorn: A Charming Native Tree for Your Landscape If you’re looking for a native tree that punches above its weight in terms of beauty and wildlife value, let me introduce you to the Arnold hawthorn (Crataegus ×anomala). This delightful native species might not be the most famous tree on ...

Arnold Hawthorn: A Charming Native Tree for Your Landscape

If you’re looking for a native tree that punches above its weight in terms of beauty and wildlife value, let me introduce you to the Arnold hawthorn (Crataegus ×anomala). This delightful native species might not be the most famous tree on the block, but it’s definitely one of the most rewarding to grow.

What Makes Arnold Hawthorn Special?

Arnold hawthorn is a native tree species found throughout the lower 48 states, making it a fantastic choice for gardeners who want to support local ecosystems. Also known by its synonym Crataegus arnoldiana, this perennial woody plant typically grows as a single-trunked tree reaching 13-16 feet in height, though it can sometimes develop a multi-stemmed form depending on growing conditions.

Where Does It Grow Naturally?

This hardy native calls home to a impressive swath of the northeastern and north-central United States. You’ll find Arnold hawthorn naturally growing in Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, West Virginia, and Wisconsin. If you live in any of these areas, you’re working with a plant that’s perfectly adapted to your local climate!

Why Your Garden (and Local Wildlife) Will Love It

Arnold hawthorn is like that friend who looks good in every season and gets along with everyone. Here’s what makes it such a garden star:

  • Spring Beauty: Clusters of small white flowers create a stunning display that attracts bees, butterflies, and other important pollinators
  • Fall Interest: Bright red berries provide food for birds and add gorgeous autumn color
  • Year-Round Structure: An attractive branching pattern gives your landscape visual interest even in winter
  • Wildlife Magnet: The flowers support pollinators while the berries feed songbirds

Perfect Spots for Arnold Hawthorn

This adaptable native works beautifully in several landscape settings:

  • As a specimen tree in cottage gardens
  • In naturalized landscape areas
  • Wildlife gardens where you want to attract birds and pollinators
  • Mixed native plantings

Growing Arnold Hawthorn Successfully

One of the best things about Arnold hawthorn? It’s refreshingly low-maintenance once established. Here’s what you need to know:

Hardiness: This tough tree thrives in USDA hardiness zones 4-7, making it suitable for areas with cold winters.

Light Requirements: Arnold hawthorn is quite flexible, growing well in full sun to partial shade. More sun typically means more flowers and berries.

Soil Needs: This adaptable native isn’t picky about soil type and can handle various conditions once established. It’s even drought tolerant, making it perfect for low-water landscapes.

Planting and Care Tips

Getting your Arnold hawthorn off to a good start is straightforward:

  • Planting: Spring or early fall are ideal planting times
  • Watering: Regular water the first year, then it’s quite drought tolerant
  • Pruning: Minimal pruning needed, just remove dead or crossing branches
  • Watch for: Fire blight can occasionally affect hawthorns, so choose a well-ventilated location

The Bottom Line

Arnold hawthorn is one of those wonderful native plants that gives you maximum beauty and ecological benefit with minimal fuss. Whether you’re drawn to its spring flowers, fall berries, or its value to local wildlife, this charming tree deserves a spot in more American gardens. Plus, there’s something deeply satisfying about growing a plant that truly belongs in your local landscape – it’s gardening in harmony with nature at its finest.

How

Arnold Hawthorn

Grows

Growing season

Spring and Summer

Lifespan

Long

Growth form & shape

Single Stem and Erect

Growth rate

Moderate

Height at 20 years

30

Maximum height

30.0

Foliage color

Green

Summer foliage density

Dense

Winter foliage density

Porous

Foliage retention

No

Flowering

Yes

Flower color

White

Fruit/seeds

Yes

Fruit/seed color

Red

Allelopath

No

Nitrogen fixing

None

Toxic

None

C:N Ratio

Medium

Fire Resistant

No

Foliage Texture

Medium

Low-growing Grass

No

Resproutability

Yes

Coppice Ability

No

Bloat

None

Arnold Hawthorn

Growing Conditions

Adapted to Coarse Soil

Yes

Adapted to Medium Soil

Yes

Adapted to Fine Soil

Yes

Anaerobic tolerance

None

CaCO₃ tolerance

Medium

Cold Stratification

Yes

Drought tolerance

Medium

Nutrient requirement

Medium

Fire tolerance

Low

Frost-free days minimum

90

Hedge tolerance

Medium

Moisture requirement

Medium

pH range

5.7 to 7.6

Plants per acre

1200 to 1700

Precipitation range (in)

24 to 36

Min root depth (in)

24

Salt tolerance

None

Shade tolerance

Intolerant

Min temperature (F)

-43

Cultivating

Arnold Hawthorn

Flowering season

Late Spring

Commercial availability

Routinely Available

Fruit/seed abundance

High

Fruit/seed season

Summer to Fall

Fruit/seed persistence

Yes

Propagated by bare root

Yes

Propagated by bulb

No

Propagated by container

Yes

Propagated by corm

No

Propagated by cuttings

No

Propagated by seed

Yes

Propagated by sod

No

Propagated by sprigs

No

Propagated by tubers

No

Seed per pound

27000

Seed spread rate

Slow

Seedling vigor

Medium

Small grain

No

Vegetative spread rate

None

Arnold Hawthorn

Classification

Group

Dicot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons

Subclass

Rosidae

Order

Rosales

Family

Rosaceae Juss. - Rose family

Genus

Crataegus L. - hawthorn

Species

Crataegus ×anomala Sarg. (pro sp.) [intricata × mollis] - Arnold hawthorn

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA