North America Native Plant

Arizona Spikerush

Botanical name: Eleocharis cancellata

USDA symbol: ELCA9

Life cycle: annual

Habit: grass

Native status: Native to the lower 48 states  

Arizona Spikerush: A Specialized Native Sedge for Wetland Gardens Meet Arizona spikerush (Eleocharis cancellata), a petite annual sedge that’s perfectly at home in the wet, marshy spots that challenge most gardeners. This unassuming little plant might not win any beauty contests, but it plays a crucial role in southwestern wetland ...

Rare plant alert!

Region: Conservation status by state

Status: S2S4: Status is uncertain but is somewhere between the following rankings: Imperiled: Extremely rare due to factor(s) making it especially vulnerable to extinction. Typically 6 to 20 occurrences or few remaining individuals (1,000 to 3,000) ⚘ Apparently Secure: Uncommon but not rare, and usually widespread. Possibly cause for longterm concern. Typically more than 100 occurrences in the state or more than 10,000 individuals ⚘

Arizona Spikerush: A Specialized Native Sedge for Wetland Gardens

Meet Arizona spikerush (Eleocharis cancellata), a petite annual sedge that’s perfectly at home in the wet, marshy spots that challenge most gardeners. This unassuming little plant might not win any beauty contests, but it plays a crucial role in southwestern wetland ecosystems and can be a valuable addition to the right type of garden.

What Is Arizona Spikerush?

Arizona spikerush is an annual graminoid – that’s botanist-speak for a grass-like plant that’s actually a member of the sedge family (Cyperaceae). Think of it as nature’s answer to those soggy spots in your landscape where other plants fear to tread. This native charmer produces thin, rush-like stems topped with small, brownish flower spikes that might not catch your eye from across the yard, but up close, they have their own subtle appeal.

Where Does It Call Home?

This southwestern native has a relatively limited range, naturally occurring in Arizona and Texas. It’s perfectly adapted to the seasonal wetlands and marshy areas of these regions, where it thrives in the feast-or-famine water cycles that characterize much of the American Southwest.

Should You Plant Arizona Spikerush?

Here’s where things get a bit complex. Arizona spikerush has a conservation status that suggests it’s somewhat uncommon in the wild, so if you’re considering adding it to your garden, you’ll want to be thoughtful about sourcing.

The Good Reasons to Grow It:

  • It’s a true native that supports local ecosystem health
  • Perfect for wetland restoration projects
  • Thrives in challenging wet conditions where other plants struggle
  • Low-maintenance once established in the right conditions
  • Self-seeds readily in appropriate habitat

Important Considerations:

  • Limited availability due to conservation concerns
  • Very specific growing requirements
  • Not suitable for typical garden beds
  • Minimal ornamental value compared to showier plants

Growing Arizona Spikerush Successfully

If you decide this specialized native is right for your wetland garden, here’s what you need to know:

Growing Conditions:

  • Water: Requires consistently moist to wet soil – think bog conditions
  • Light: Full sun to partial shade
  • Soil: Tolerates various soil types as long as they stay wet
  • Climate: Hardy in USDA zones 8-10

Planting and Care Tips:

  • Best established by direct seeding in wet conditions
  • Plant in spring when soil is naturally moist
  • Maintain constant moisture – never let the soil dry out
  • Allow to self-seed for natural colonies
  • Minimal fertilization needed in wetland conditions

Perfect Garden Settings

Arizona spikerush isn’t for every garden, but it’s perfect for:

  • Rain gardens and bioswales
  • Naturalistic pond edges
  • Wetland restoration projects
  • Native plant preserves
  • Bog gardens

Wildlife and Ecosystem Benefits

While Arizona spikerush may not be a pollinator magnet (it’s primarily wind-pollinated), it serves important ecological functions. It helps prevent erosion in wet areas, provides habitat structure for small wetland creatures, and contributes to the overall health of wetland ecosystems.

The Bottom Line

Arizona spikerush is definitely a specialist plant for specialist gardeners. If you have a wetland garden, rain garden, or restoration project in Arizona or Texas, and you can source seeds or plants responsibly, this native sedge can be a valuable addition to your plant palette. Just remember – this isn’t a plant for typical garden beds or containers. It needs those constantly wet conditions to truly thrive.

Before planting, make sure you’re obtaining Arizona spikerush from reputable native plant sources that practice responsible collection methods. Given its conservation status, we want to support wild populations rather than diminish them.

Arizona Spikerush

Classification

Group

Monocot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Liliopsida - Monocotyledons

Subclass

Commelinidae

Order

Cyperales

Family

Cyperaceae Juss. - Sedge family

Genus

Eleocharis R. Br. - spikerush

Species

Eleocharis cancellata S. Watson - Arizona spikerush

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA