North America Native Plant

Arctic Cottongrass

Botanical name: Eriophorum callitrix var. moravium

USDA symbol: ERCAM

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: grass

Native status: Native to Alaska âš˜ Native to Canada  

Synonyms: Eriophorum callitrix Cham. ex C.A. Mey. var. pallidus Hultén (ERCAP5)   

Arctic Cottongrass: A Rare Northern Native Worth Knowing If you’re drawn to unique native plants that showcase the rugged beauty of North America’s northern wilderness, arctic cottongrass (Eriophorum callitrix var. moravium) might just capture your imagination. This perennial sedge brings a touch of the Arctic tundra to specialized garden settings, ...

Arctic Cottongrass: A Rare Northern Native Worth Knowing

If you’re drawn to unique native plants that showcase the rugged beauty of North America’s northern wilderness, arctic cottongrass (Eriophorum callitrix var. moravium) might just capture your imagination. This perennial sedge brings a touch of the Arctic tundra to specialized garden settings, though it’s definitely not your typical backyard plant.

What Makes Arctic Cottongrass Special?

Don’t let the name fool you – arctic cottongrass isn’t actually a grass at all! It’s a member of the sedge family (Cyperaceae), joining the ranks of other grass-like plants that add texture and movement to landscapes. This particular variety, scientifically known as Eriophorum callitrix var. moravium, represents one of nature’s hardy survivors, thriving in some of the continent’s most challenging climates.

You might also encounter this plant listed under its synonym, Eriophorum callitrix var. pallidus, in older botanical references.

Where Does Arctic Cottongrass Call Home?

This remarkable native plant has quite the northern pedigree. Arctic cottongrass naturally occurs across Alaska, Manitoba, and Labrador, making it a true child of the North American Arctic and subarctic regions. It’s perfectly adapted to the harsh conditions of these northern landscapes, where many other plants simply can’t survive.

Should You Grow Arctic Cottongrass in Your Garden?

Here’s where things get interesting – and a bit challenging. While arctic cottongrass is undeniably a fascinating native plant, it’s not exactly what you’d call garden-friendly for most of us. This specialized variety has evolved for extremely cold, northern conditions that are quite different from typical garden environments.

However, if you’re gardening in the far north or working on a specialized project that aims to recreate Arctic or subarctic plant communities, this could be an intriguing addition. Its native status makes it an excellent choice for ecological restoration projects in its natural range.

The Reality of Growing Arctic Cottongrass

If you’re determined to try growing this Arctic beauty, you’ll need to be prepared for some challenges. Unfortunately, detailed cultivation information for this specific variety is quite limited, which tells us something important: this isn’t a plant that’s commonly grown in typical garden settings.

What we do know is that as a northern native, it likely requires:

  • Extremely cold winter temperatures
  • Cool summer conditions
  • Specialized soil conditions similar to its native habitat
  • Potentially specific moisture requirements

Better Alternatives for Most Gardeners

Unless you’re gardening in Alaska, northern Canada, or working on a specialized Arctic plant collection, you might want to consider other native sedges that are more suited to typical garden conditions. Many regions have their own beautiful native Eriophorum species or other sedges that will give you similar grass-like texture and movement while being much easier to establish and maintain.

Your local native plant society or extension office can help you identify sedges and other grass-like natives that are better suited to your specific region and garden conditions.

The Bottom Line

Arctic cottongrass (Eriophorum callitrix var. moravium) is undoubtedly a fascinating piece of North America’s botanical heritage. While it may not be practical for most garden situations, it serves as a wonderful reminder of the incredible diversity and adaptability of our native flora. If you ever have the chance to see it in its natural Arctic habitat, consider yourself lucky – you’ll be witnessing one of nature’s true cold-weather specialists in action.

For most of us, appreciating this plant from afar while choosing more regionally appropriate natives for our gardens is probably the wisest approach. After all, the best native plant for your garden is one that’s truly native to your area and suited to your growing conditions.

Arctic Cottongrass

Classification

Group

Monocot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Liliopsida - Monocotyledons

Subclass

Commelinidae

Order

Cyperales

Family

Cyperaceae Juss. - Sedge family

Genus

Eriophorum L. - cottongrass

Species

Eriophorum callitrix Cham. ex C.A. Mey. - arctic cottongrass

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA