North America Native Plant

Aquarius Plateau Indian Paintbrush

Botanical name: Castilleja aquariensis

USDA symbol: CAAQ4

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: forb

Native status: Native to the lower 48 states  

Aquarius Plateau Indian Paintbrush: A Rare Gem Worth Protecting Meet one of Utah’s most exclusive wildflowers – the Aquarius Plateau Indian paintbrush. This stunning perennial is so rare that it calls only one place on Earth home: the high plateaus of south-central Utah. If you’re lucky enough to encounter this ...

Rare plant alert!

Region: Conservation status by state

Status: S2: Status is uncertain but is somewhere between the following rankings: Imperiled: Extremely rare due to factor(s) making it especially vulnerable to extinction. Typically 6 to 20 occurrences or few remaining individuals (1,000 to 3,000) ⚘

Aquarius Plateau Indian Paintbrush: A Rare Gem Worth Protecting

Meet one of Utah’s most exclusive wildflowers – the Aquarius Plateau Indian paintbrush. This stunning perennial is so rare that it calls only one place on Earth home: the high plateaus of south-central Utah. If you’re lucky enough to encounter this botanical treasure, you’re witnessing something truly special.

What Makes This Paintbrush So Special?

The Aquarius Plateau Indian paintbrush (Castilleja aquariensis) isn’t your everyday garden plant. This native wildflower is what botanists call imperiled, with only 6 to 20 known populations scattered across its mountain home. With fewer than 3,000 individuals thought to exist in the wild, this little paintbrush is rarer than many animals we consider endangered.

Like other Indian paintbrushes, this perennial forb produces those iconic colorful bracts that look like someone dipped a brush in bright paint. The vibrant red-orange display isn’t actually the flower – it’s specialized leaves called bracts that surround the true flowers, creating a stunning natural work of art.

Where Does It Call Home?

This paintbrush is a true Utah endemic, found exclusively in the Aquarius Plateau region of south-central Utah. The plant has adapted to life at high elevations, thriving in the cool summers and harsh winters that characterize this unique landscape.

Should You Grow It in Your Garden?

The short answer: Only with extreme caution and responsibly sourced material.

Given its imperiled status, we strongly recommend against collecting this plant from the wild – doing so could harm already vulnerable populations. If you’re interested in growing Aquarius Plateau Indian paintbrush, only obtain plants or seeds from reputable native plant nurseries that can verify their material wasn’t collected from wild populations.

The Challenge of Growing Indian Paintbrushes

Even if you find responsibly sourced material, growing this paintbrush presents unique challenges. Like many Castilleja species, it’s what scientists call hemiparasitic – it needs to attach its roots to other plants to survive. This makes cultivation extremely difficult, even for experienced gardeners.

Here’s what you’d need to know if attempting cultivation:

  • Climate requirements: High-elevation conditions with cool summers (likely USDA zones 4-6)
  • Soil needs: Well-drained, rocky soils similar to its mountain habitat
  • Host plants: Requires native grasses or other suitable host plants for root attachment
  • Water: Minimal supplemental watering once established

Wildlife Benefits

In its natural habitat, this paintbrush serves as a valuable nectar source for hummingbirds and native bees. The tubular flowers are perfectly designed for hummingbird beaks, making it an important food source in high-elevation ecosystems where such plants are scarce.

Conservation in Your Garden

While growing Aquarius Plateau Indian paintbrush might not be practical for most gardeners, you can still support conservation by:

  • Growing other native Utah plants that support local ecosystems
  • Supporting organizations working to protect rare plant habitats
  • Choosing other Indian paintbrush species that are more common and easier to grow
  • Never collecting rare plants from wild populations

The Bottom Line

The Aquarius Plateau Indian paintbrush represents something precious – a plant so perfectly adapted to its mountain home that it exists nowhere else on Earth. While most of us won’t grow this rare beauty in our gardens, we can appreciate its uniqueness and work to protect the wild spaces where it thrives. Sometimes the best way to love a plant is to admire it from afar and ensure future generations can do the same.

If you’re passionate about rare native plants, consider supporting conservation efforts or growing more common native alternatives that provide similar ecological benefits without putting vulnerable species at risk.

Aquarius Plateau Indian Paintbrush

Classification

Group

Dicot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons

Subclass

Asteridae

Order

Scrophulariales

Family

Scrophulariaceae Juss. - Figwort family

Genus

Castilleja Mutis ex L. f. - Indian paintbrush

Species

Castilleja aquariensis N.H. Holmgren - Aquarius Plateau Indian paintbrush

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA