North America Native Plant

American Grama

Botanical name: Bouteloua americana

USDA symbol: BOAM2

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: grass

Native status: Native to Puerto Rico âš˜ Native to the U.S. Virgin Islands  

Synonyms: Aristida americana L. (ARAM4)   

American Grama: A Native Grass of the Caribbean Islands If you’re gardening in Puerto Rico or the U.S. Virgin Islands and looking to incorporate native plants into your landscape, you might have come across American grama (Bouteloua americana). This perennial grass species is one of the lesser-known natives of the ...

American Grama: A Native Grass of the Caribbean Islands

If you’re gardening in Puerto Rico or the U.S. Virgin Islands and looking to incorporate native plants into your landscape, you might have come across American grama (Bouteloua americana). This perennial grass species is one of the lesser-known natives of the Caribbean, and frankly, that’s because there isn’t a whole lot of readily available information about it – which makes it something of a botanical mystery!

What is American Grama?

American grama is a perennial grass that belongs to the Bouteloua genus, a group known for their drought-tolerant characteristics. You might also see it referenced by its scientific synonym, Aristida americana L., in older botanical literature. As a native species, it has been growing naturally in Caribbean ecosystems long before European colonization.

Where Does American Grama Grow Naturally?

This grass is native exclusively to Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands, making it a true Caribbean endemic. Its natural distribution is quite limited compared to other Bouteloua species that span much of North America’s grasslands.

Should You Plant American Grama?

Here’s where things get a bit tricky. While American grama has the advantage of being a native species – which typically means it’s well-adapted to local conditions and beneficial to native wildlife – there’s surprisingly little horticultural information available about this particular grass. This could mean a few things:

  • It might be uncommon or rare in its native habitat
  • It hasn’t been widely cultivated or studied for garden use
  • It may have specific growing requirements that make it challenging to establish

What We Don’t Know (But Wish We Did!)

Unfortunately, detailed information about American grama’s growing requirements, mature size, appearance, and ecological benefits is quite limited. We don’t have solid data on:

  • Specific soil and moisture preferences
  • Mature height and spread
  • Flowering characteristics
  • Wildlife and pollinator benefits
  • Propagation methods
  • Maintenance requirements

A Word of Caution for Gardeners

Given the limited information available about this species, gardeners interested in American grama should proceed thoughtfully. If you do encounter this plant or seeds for sale, make sure you’re getting material from reputable, local sources who can verify its authenticity and provide growing guidance.

Native Alternatives to Consider

If you’re specifically looking for native grasses for your Puerto Rican or Virgin Islands garden, you might want to explore other well-documented native species that can provide similar ecological benefits with more established growing guidelines. Consulting with local native plant societies or agricultural extension offices can help you identify suitable alternatives.

The Bottom Line

American grama represents one of those interesting gaps in our horticultural knowledge – a native species that deserves more attention and research. While its native status makes it potentially valuable for authentic Caribbean landscaping, the lack of cultivation information makes it a challenging choice for most gardeners. Sometimes the most intriguing plants are also the most elusive ones!

If you’re a gardener who loves a botanical challenge and you happen to be in Puerto Rico or the U.S. Virgin Islands, American grama might be worth investigating further. Just remember to source responsibly and connect with local botanists or native plant enthusiasts who might have hands-on experience with this mysterious grass.

American Grama

Classification

Group

Monocot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Liliopsida - Monocotyledons

Subclass

Commelinidae

Order

Cyperales

Family

Poaceae Barnhart - Grass family

Genus

Bouteloua Lag. - grama

Species

Bouteloua americana (L.) Scribn. - American grama

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA