North America Native Plant

American Burnweed

Botanical name: Erechtites hieraciifolius var. cacalioides

USDA symbol: ERHIC2

Life cycle: annual

Habit: forb

Native status: Native to Puerto Rico âš˜ Native to the U.S. Virgin Islands  

Synonyms: Erechtites hieraciifolia (L.) Raf. ex DC. var. cacalioides (Fisch. ex Spreng.) Less. ex Griseb., orth. var. (ERHIC)  âš˜  Senecio cacalioides Fisch. ex Spreng. (SECA11)   

American Burnweed: A Caribbean Native with Limited Garden Appeal If you’ve stumbled across the name American burnweed (Erechtites hieraciifolius var. cacalioides), you might be wondering if this native plant deserves a spot in your garden. Well, here’s the thing – this particular variety is quite the specialist, and unless you’re ...

American Burnweed: A Caribbean Native with Limited Garden Appeal

If you’ve stumbled across the name American burnweed (Erechtites hieraciifolius var. cacalioides), you might be wondering if this native plant deserves a spot in your garden. Well, here’s the thing – this particular variety is quite the specialist, and unless you’re gardening in Puerto Rico or the U.S. Virgin Islands, you’ll likely want to look elsewhere for your native plant needs.

What Exactly Is American Burnweed?

American burnweed is an annual forb, which is just a fancy way of saying it’s a non-woody herbaceous plant that completes its life cycle in one year. This particular variety (Erechtites hieraciifolius var. cacalioides) is native exclusively to Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands, making it quite the regional specialty.

You might also see this plant listed under its scientific synonyms, including Senecio cacalioides or the slightly different spelling Erechtites hieraciifolia var. cacalioides – botanists love their Latin variations!

Where Does It Call Home?

This Caribbean native has a pretty exclusive address – you’ll only find it naturally occurring in Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands. It’s perfectly adapted to these tropical island conditions, but that also means it’s not going to thrive in your average mainland garden.

Should You Grow American Burnweed?

Here’s where we need to have an honest conversation. While supporting native plants is always admirable, this particular variety presents some significant challenges:

  • Extremely limited native range means it’s not native to most areas
  • Very little cultivation information available
  • Unknown growing requirements make successful cultivation difficult
  • No readily available sources for seeds or plants

Better Alternatives for Most Gardeners

Unless you’re specifically gardening in Puerto Rico or the U.S. Virgin Islands, you’ll have much better success (and ecological impact) choosing native plants that are actually native to your region. Consider looking into:

  • Other Erechtites species native to your area
  • Local native annuals that support regional wildlife
  • Plants with similar growth habits from your local native plant society

If You’re in Puerto Rico or the Virgin Islands

Lucky you! If you are gardening in this plant’s native range, American burnweed could be a wonderful addition to a naturalized area or wildlife garden. As an annual forb, it likely self-seeds and may appear in disturbed areas naturally.

However, with limited cultivation information available, growing this plant successfully might require some experimentation and patience. Consider connecting with local native plant groups or botanical gardens for region-specific growing advice.

The Bottom Line

American burnweed (Erechtites hieraciifolius var. cacalioides) is a fascinating example of regional plant adaptation, but it’s simply not practical for most gardeners. Its extremely limited native range and lack of cultivation information make it more of a botanical curiosity than a garden-worthy plant for the majority of us.

Remember, the best native plants for your garden are the ones that are actually native to your specific area and have the cultivation information you need to grow them successfully. Your local ecosystem – and your sanity – will thank you for choosing plants that are well-suited to your conditions!

American Burnweed

Classification

Group

Dicot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons

Subclass

Asteridae

Order

Asterales

Family

Asteraceae Bercht. & J. Presl - Aster family

Genus

Erechtites Raf. - burnweed

Species

Erechtites hieraciifolius (L.) Raf. ex DC. - American burnweed

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA