North America Native Plant

Ale

Botanical name: Plantago princeps var. longibracteata

USDA symbol: PLPRL2

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: subshrub

Native status: Native to Hawaii  

Synonyms: Plantago princeps Cham. & Schltdl. var. acaulis Wawra (PLPRA)  âš˜  Plantago princeps Cham. & Schltdl. var. elata Wawra (PLPRE)   

Ale: Hawaii’s Rare and Precious Native Plantain Meet ale (Plantago princeps var. longibracteata), one of Hawaii’s most elusive botanical treasures. This unassuming little perennial herb might not catch your eye like a flashy hibiscus, but it holds a special place in the islands’ native plant community—and unfortunately, it’s hanging on ...

Rare plant alert!

Region: Conservation status by state

Status: S1T1: Status is uncertain but is somewhere between the following rankings: Critically Imperiled: Extremely rare due to factor(s) making it especially vulnerable to extinction. Typically 5 or fewer occurrences or very few remaining individuals (<1,000) ⚘ Subspecies or variety is critically Imperiled: Extremely rare due to factor(s) making it especially vulnerable to extinction. Typically 5 or fewer occurrences or very few remaining individuals (<1,000) ⚘

Ale: Hawaii’s Rare and Precious Native Plantain

Meet ale (Plantago princeps var. longibracteata), one of Hawaii’s most elusive botanical treasures. This unassuming little perennial herb might not catch your eye like a flashy hibiscus, but it holds a special place in the islands’ native plant community—and unfortunately, it’s hanging on by a thread.

What Makes Ale Special?

Ale is a native Hawaiian variety of plantain that belongs to a group of plants you might know better as the common weeds that pop up in sidewalk cracks. But don’t let that fool you—this particular variety is nothing like those tough, cosmopolitan cousins. As a forb herb, ale is a soft-stemmed perennial that lacks woody tissue and keeps its growing points close to or below ground level, helping it survive in its specialized habitat.

Where Does Ale Call Home?

This rare plantain is endemic to Hawaii, meaning it exists nowhere else on Earth. You’ll only find ale growing naturally within the Hawaiian Islands, where it has evolved to thrive in the unique conditions found there.

A Plant in Peril

Here’s where things get serious, fellow plant lovers. Ale carries a Global Conservation Status of S1T1, which means it’s critically imperiled. This isn’t a plant you can casually add to your garden wishlist—it’s fighting for survival in the wild, and every individual matters for the species’ future.

Should You Grow Ale?

The short answer is: probably not, and here’s why. Given ale’s critically endangered status, this plant needs our protection more than our cultivation. Instead of trying to grow ale in your garden, consider these alternatives:

  • Support Hawaiian native plant conservation organizations
  • Visit botanical gardens that specialize in Hawaiian native plants
  • Choose other native Hawaiian plants that are more stable for home cultivation
  • Learn about and advocate for habitat protection in Hawaii

If You’re Lucky Enough to Encounter Ale

Should you find yourself in Hawaii and spot what might be ale in the wild, resist the urge to collect seeds or take cuttings. Instead:

  • Observe and photograph (without disturbing the plant)
  • Report your sighting to local botanists or conservation groups
  • Enjoy the privilege of seeing one of Hawaii’s rarest plants in its natural habitat

The Bigger Picture

Ale’s story reminds us that native plants aren’t just pretty additions to our gardens—they’re irreplaceable pieces of their ecosystems’ puzzles. While we can’t all grow ale in our backyards, we can all play a role in protecting Hawaii’s incredible plant diversity by supporting conservation efforts and choosing responsibly sourced native plants for our own gardens.

Sometimes the best way to love a plant is to let it be wild and work to ensure it stays that way for future generations to discover and appreciate.

Ale

Classification

Group

Dicot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons

Subclass

Asteridae

Order

Plantaginales

Family

Plantaginaceae Juss. - Plantain family

Genus

Plantago L. - plantain

Species

Plantago princeps Cham. & Schltdl. - ale

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA