North America Native Plant

Alabama Maiden Fern

Botanical name: Thelypteris pilosa var. alabamensis

USDA symbol: THPIA

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: forb

Native status: Native to the lower 48 states  

Synonyms: Leptogramma pilosa sensu (M. Martens & Galeotti) Underw. p.p. (LEPI4)  âš˜  Leptogramma pilosa sensu (M. Martens & Galeotti) Underw. var. alabamensis (Crawford) Wherry (LEPIA2)   

Alabama Maiden Fern: A Rare Native Treasure Worth Protecting Meet the Alabama maiden fern (Thelypteris pilosa var. alabamensis), one of Alabama’s most elusive botanical treasures. This perennial fern represents a unique variety that calls only the Heart of Dixie home, making it a true endemic species that gardeners and plant ...

Rare plant alert!

Region: Alabama

Status: S4T1: Status is uncertain but is somewhere between the following rankings: Subspecies or variety is critically Imperiled: Extremely rare due to factor(s) making it especially vulnerable to extinction. Typically 5 or fewer occurrences or very few remaining individuals (<1,000) ⚘ Apparently Secure: Uncommon but not rare, and usually widespread. Possibly cause for longterm concern. Typically more than 100 occurrences in the state or more than 10,000 individuals ⚘ Threatened: Experiencing significant population decline or habitat loss that could lead to its endangerment if not addressed. ⚘

Region: Alabama

Alabama Maiden Fern: A Rare Native Treasure Worth Protecting

Meet the Alabama maiden fern (Thelypteris pilosa var. alabamensis), one of Alabama’s most elusive botanical treasures. This perennial fern represents a unique variety that calls only the Heart of Dixie home, making it a true endemic species that gardeners and plant enthusiasts should know about—even if they can’t grow it in their own backyard.

What Makes This Fern Special?

The Alabama maiden fern is a variety of the hairy maiden fern, distinguished by subtle characteristics that set it apart from its more widespread relatives. As a member of the Thelypteris genus, this fern shares the delicate, feathery fronds typical of maiden ferns, but with its own unique Alabama twist.

This perennial fern has earned several scientific names over the years, including Leptogramma pilosa var. alabamensis, reflecting the ongoing botanical studies that help us understand its place in the plant kingdom.

Where Does It Call Home?

Here’s where things get really interesting (and a bit concerning): the Alabama maiden fern is found exclusively in Alabama. This extremely limited geographic distribution makes it one of the state’s most geographically restricted native plants.

Conservation Status: Handle with Care

Important Conservation Alert: The Alabama maiden fern carries a threatened status in Alabama, meaning it’s facing significant conservation challenges. With a Global Conservation Status of S4T1, this fern is considered extremely rare and vulnerable.

What does this mean for gardeners? Simply put, this isn’t a plant you’ll find at your local nursery, nor should you attempt to collect it from the wild. Wild collection of threatened species is not only ecologically harmful but may also be illegal.

Should You Grow Alabama Maiden Fern?

The honest answer? Probably not, and here’s why:

  • Extreme rarity: This fern is so rare that it should be left in its natural habitat
  • Limited availability: Responsibly sourced plants are virtually non-existent in the trade
  • Conservation priority: Protecting existing populations is more important than cultivation
  • Specialized needs: Its exact growing requirements remain poorly understood

Better Alternatives for Your Garden

If you’re drawn to the idea of growing native Alabama ferns, consider these more common and readily available alternatives:

  • Christmas fern (Polystichum acrostichoides)
  • Southern lady fern (Athyrium filix-femina var. asplenioides)
  • Ebony spleenwort (Asplenium platyneuron)
  • Broad beech fern (Phegopteris hexagonoptera)

How You Can Help

While you might not be able to grow the Alabama maiden fern in your garden, you can still support its conservation:

  • Support local conservation organizations working to protect Alabama’s rare plants
  • Choose native plants for your garden to support local ecosystems
  • Never collect rare plants from the wild
  • Spread awareness about Alabama’s unique native plant heritage

Identifying Alabama Maiden Fern

If you’re lucky enough to encounter this rare fern in Alabama’s natural areas, remember to look but don’t touch. The Alabama maiden fern likely resembles other Thelypteris species with delicate, divided fronds, but distinguishing it from related varieties requires expert botanical knowledge.

The Alabama maiden fern serves as a reminder that some of nature’s most precious gifts are also its most vulnerable. While we can’t all have this rare beauty in our gardens, we can appreciate its existence and work to ensure future generations will have the chance to discover it in Alabama’s wild spaces.

Sometimes the best way to love a plant is to leave it exactly where it belongs—thriving in its native habitat, contributing to the rich tapestry of Alabama’s unique botanical heritage.

Alabama Maiden Fern

Classification

Group

Fern

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision
Division

Pteridophyta - Ferns

Subdivision
Class

Filicopsida

Subclass
Order

Polypodiales

Family

Thelypteridaceae Ching ex Pic. Serm. - Marsh Fern family

Genus

Thelypteris Schmidel - maiden fern

Species

Thelypteris pilosa (M. Martens & Galeotti) Crawford - softhairy maiden fern

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA