North America Native Plant

‘akupa

Botanical name: Bobea brevipes

USDA symbol: BOBR3

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: tree

Native status: Native to Hawaii  

Synonyms: Bobea elatior Gaudich. var. brevipes (A. Gray) Hillebr. (BOELB)  âš˜  Bobea mannii Hillebr. (BOMA4)   

‘Akupa: A Rare Hawaiian Native Tree Worth Protecting in Your Garden If you’re passionate about native Hawaiian plants and want to make a real difference in conservation, let me introduce you to ‘akupa (Bobea brevipes). This lesser-known native tree might not be the flashiest plant in the garden center, but ...

Rare plant alert!

Region: Conservation status by state

Status: S2S3: Status is uncertain but is somewhere between the following rankings: Imperiled: Extremely rare due to factor(s) making it especially vulnerable to extinction. Typically 6 to 20 occurrences or few remaining individuals (1,000 to 3,000) ⚘ Vulnerable: Either very rare and local throughout its range, found only in a restricted range (even if abundant at some locations), or factors are making it vulnerable to extinction. Typically 21 to 100 occurrences or between 3,000 and 10,000 individuals ⚘

‘Akupa: A Rare Hawaiian Native Tree Worth Protecting in Your Garden

If you’re passionate about native Hawaiian plants and want to make a real difference in conservation, let me introduce you to ‘akupa (Bobea brevipes). This lesser-known native tree might not be the flashiest plant in the garden center, but it’s a true treasure that deserves a spot in every Hawaiian native landscape.

What Makes ‘Akupa Special?

‘Akupa is a perennial tree that’s 100% homegrown Hawaiian – it’s found nowhere else in the world except our beautiful islands. This woody beauty typically grows as a single-trunked tree, reaching heights of 13-16 feet or more under the right conditions, though it can sometimes develop multiple stems or stay shorter depending on its environment.

You might also see this plant listed under its botanical name Bobea brevipes, or its synonyms Bobea elatior var. brevipes or Bobea mannii in older references.

Where Does ‘Akupa Grow?

‘Akupa is endemic to Hawaii, meaning it naturally occurs only in the Hawaiian Islands. You’ll find it growing across multiple islands in our island chain, making it a true representative of Hawaii’s unique flora.

A Conservation Alert: Handle with Care

Here’s something really important to know: ‘akupa has a Global Conservation Status of S2S3, which means it’s considered rare to uncommon in the wild. This isn’t a plant you want to pass by lightly! If you’re thinking about adding ‘akupa to your garden (and I hope you are), please make sure you source it responsibly from reputable native plant nurseries or conservation programs. Never collect from wild populations.

Garden Appeal and Landscape Role

While ‘akupa might not be the showiest plant in your garden, it brings authentic Hawaiian character and important ecological value. As a medium-sized tree, it works beautifully as:

  • A canopy or understory tree in native Hawaiian landscapes
  • Part of restoration projects
  • A shade tree for smaller spaces
  • A conversation starter about Hawaiian conservation

The tree produces small clustered flowers that attract native Hawaiian insects, making it a valuable addition for supporting local pollinators and wildlife.

Perfect Growing Conditions

‘Akupa is surprisingly adaptable when it comes to moisture. It has a Facultative Upland wetland status in Hawaii, which means it usually prefers non-wetland conditions but can tolerate some moisture. Think of it as preferring well-draining soil with moderate, consistent moisture – not too wet, not too dry.

This tree thrives in USDA hardiness zones 10-12, making it perfect for Hawaii’s tropical and subtropical climates. It generally prefers partial to full shade, making it an excellent choice for those tricky spots in your garden where other plants struggle.

Planting and Care Tips

Growing ‘akupa successfully isn’t rocket science, but here are some key tips:

  • Soil: Provide well-draining soil that doesn’t stay soggy
  • Water: Keep soil consistently moist but not waterlogged
  • Light: Partial to full shade works best
  • Protection: Shield from strong winds, especially when young
  • Mulching: Apply organic mulch around the base to retain moisture and suppress weeds
  • Patience: Like many native trees, ‘akupa may grow slowly at first while establishing its root system

Why Choose ‘Akupa?

Planting ‘akupa isn’t just about adding another tree to your landscape – it’s about participating in conservation. Every responsibly grown ‘akupa in a home garden helps preserve the genetic diversity of this rare species and creates habitat for native wildlife. Plus, you’ll be growing a piece of authentic Hawaiian heritage that connects your garden to the islands’ natural history.

While ‘akupa might require a bit more effort to source than common landscape plants, the reward is knowing you’re helping protect one of Hawaii’s unique native species for future generations. That’s pretty special, don’t you think?

‘akupa

Classification

Group

Dicot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons

Subclass

Asteridae

Order

Rubiales

Family

Rubiaceae Juss. - Madder family

Genus

Bobea Gaudich. - 'ahakea

Species

Bobea brevipes A. Gray - 'akupa

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA